Senior Living Resident Strategy Recommendations - Nov. 1 @ 8_34 pm

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1 Senior Living Resident Strategy Recommendations Misty Garcia University of Phoenix MFCC/504 Dr. Baird October 30, 2023

2 Senior Living Resident Strategy Recommendations Aging is different for everybody and for some it is difficult. Losing some of their physical and mental functioning can become overwhelming, causing depression and lack of motivation. Losing vision, hearing and even becoming ill are just a few of the challenges faced with old age. Culturally, these things can cause severe depression and leave the person feeling worthless or a burden. Loneliness is another aspect of aging. As we get older, we experience loss due to people aging, this can create a fear of their own impending death. The reality of one’s own death closing in can cause a great deal of mixed emotions. Relevant Details of Late adulthood Population Even though the United States is aging, it is still younger than most other developed countries ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Germany, Italy, and Japan all had at least 20% of their population aged 65 and over in 2012, and Japan had the highest percentage of elderly ("Late Adulthood," 2020). In addition, between 2012 and 2050, the proportion aged 65 and over is projected to increase in all developed countries ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Some factors that play a role in the concerns in older adulthood include, lack of support or connection to others is an important factor in the wellbeing of an elderly individual. Loneliness can cause depression. Depression is not uncommon among the elderly population, some factors behind this depression are Physical Health Challenges Loss and Grief Social Isolation Transitions and Life Changes Financial Strain

3 Pre-existing Mental Health Conditions ("What Causes Elderly Depression," 2023). Culture plays a big tole in ones aging and lifestyle. In some cultures, they do not belie a loved one should be placed outside the home, they belie family takes care of family until death. This can create a lot of hostility, anger, and even resentment among loved ones due to some of the issues that come with aging. Dementia, loss of mental and physical abilities and other illnesses can take a tole of family members who are trying to care for their aging loved one. It is a full- time job and not everyone is equipped for this type of care. Many family members may start to feel guilt for their frustration towards their loved one and due to cultural beliefs, they will never reach out for help. Late adulthood spans the time when we reach our mid-sixties until death, this is the longest developmental stage across the lifespan ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Starting with the new young is the age ranges of (60-74), typically this age range includes many positive aspects and is considered the “golden years” of adulthood ("Late Adulthood," 2020). In comparison to those who are older than 60-74, the “young-old” experience relatively good health and social engagement ("Late Adulthood," 2020). This age range is more likely to be outgoing, enraging with others and enjoying their new-found freedoms. Then comes the “Old-old” which is the ages of 75-84 ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Adults in this age period are typically living on their own, but can experience physical impairments since chronic diseases increase after age 75 ("Late Adulthood," 2020). For example, congestive heart failure is 10 times more common in people 75 and older ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Lastly, we have the groups known as the “oldest-old” ages 85-99 ("Late Adulthood," 2020). This age group often includes people who have more serious chronic ailments and have experienced either more loss of loved ones as well as loss of their own physical and/or metal abilities ("Late Adulthood,"

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4 2020). In the U.S., the “oldest-old” represented 14% of the older adult population by 2015 ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Developmental Milestones in Later Adulthood Erik Erikson outlined the last part of the lifespan with the developmental mission of Integrity versus Despair ("Late Adulthood," 2020). In terms of psychosocial development, the tasks of adulthood were about becoming the self that you want to become (i.e., Identity) and creating the life you want to live, including establishing or maintaining the close interpersonal relationships that will be crucial to your physical and psychological health and well -being (i.e., Intimacy) ("Late Adulthood," 2020). In Eriksons’ older years, him and his wife re-examined the eight stages and theorized additional ideas about how development evolves during a person’s 80s and 90s ("Late Adulthood," 2020). In the first eight stages, all the conflicts are presented in a syntonic-dystonic matter, meaning that the first term listed in the conflict is the positive, sought- after achievement and the second term is the less-desirable goal (i.e., trust is more desirable than mistrust and integrity is more desirable than despair) ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Then the theories on how and why some individuals age successfully as others do not are addressed. The following five are recognized keys to successful aging, (1) Activity theory; (2) Continuity theory; (3) Socioemotional selectivity theory; (4) Selective optimization with compensation; and (5) Developmental self-regulation theory ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (1). Activity Theory; activity theory addresses the issue of how persons can best adjust to the changing circumstances of old age–e.g., retirement, illness, loss of friends and loved ones through death (2). Continuity theory suggests as people age, they continue to view the self in much the same way as they did when they were younger ("Late Adulthood," 2020). They are the same

5 individuals, but simply in older bodies, consequently, older adults continue to maintain their identity even as they give up previous roles ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (3). The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory focuses on changes in motivation for actively seeking social contact with others ("Late Adulthood," 2020) This theory proposes that with increasing age, our motivational goals change based on how much time we have left to live ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (4). Selective Optimization with Compensation is a strategy for improving health and well-being in older adults and a model for successful aging ("Late Adulthood," 2020). It is recommended that seniors select and optimize their best abilities and most intact functions while compensating for declines and losses ("Late Adulthood," 2020). For example, a person who can no longer drive, is able to find alternative transportation ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (5). Developmental Self-regulation Theory is a dual-process model, this includes a sense of self-efficacy to take action needed to make lifestyle changes or undergo treatments that optimize functioning, such as a healthy diet, exercise, medical treatments ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Death and Dying Death and dying typically have a whole different meaning in older age. The ability to manage one’s lifestyle and take less risk or in some instances more risks can be considered part of the aging process. Maximum lifespan for those in the United States has been identifies to be between 120-125 while life expectancy is 72 for males and 74 for females ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Women live longer than men around the world, and the gap between the sexes has remained the same since 1990 ("Late Adulthood," 2020). As we talk about death and dying, we do not typically think of young and healthy individuals, we think of sick and elderly. According

6 to Kubbler-Ross, there are five stages of loss experienced by those who face the news of impending untimely death ("Late Adulthood," 2020). These “stages” are not really stages that a person goes through in order or only once; nor are they stages that occur with the same intensity ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (1). Denial: Denial is typically the first reaction to overwhelming, unimaginable news ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Denial, or disbelief or shock, protects us by allowing such news to enter slowly and to give us time to come to grips with what is taking place ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (2). Anger: Anger also provides us with protection in that being angry energizes us to fight against something and gives structure to a situation that may be thrusting us into the unknown ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (3). Bargaining: Bargaining involves trying to think of what could be done to turn the situation around. Living better, devoting oneself to a cause, being a better friend, parent, or spouse, are all agreements one might willingly commit to if doing so would lengthen life ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (4). Depression: Depression is sadness and sadness is appropriate for such an event. Feeling the full weight of loss, crying, and losing interest in the outside world is an important part of the process of dying ("Late Adulthood," 2020). (5). Acceptance: Acceptance involves learning how to carry on and to incorporate this aspect of the life span into daily existence. Reaching acceptance does not in any way imply that people who are dying are happy about it or content with it ("Late Adulthood," 2020). Elder Abuse and Counselors Role. Elder abuse comes in different forms, financial, psychical, mental, verbal, and emotional. The elderly person becomes fearful or feels obligated

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7 to give, or they are taken advantage of due to their lack of abilities to manage on their own. Our job as counselors is to recognize abuse and identify areas where abuse occurs. Counselors need to be able to educated elderly adults on what is abuse and how to ask for help. Counselors also need to be able to give elderly a place they feel safe to speak openly. Knowing what to expect from those who are being abused and how to help is also important. Sometimes the elderly individual may not see it as abuse or may fear getting a loved one in trouble. As counselors, we must manage these situations with empathy and compassion. Knowing the right resources and how to seek assistance is also vital. Culturally Appropriate Counseling Needs for Individuals in Late Adulthood. As mentioned above there are many counseling needs to be addressed for those in later age. The fact that aging brings on potential aspects of poor health, loss of abilities, depression, loneliness, mental and physical decline, and many other concerns, it is obvious where counseling is needed. Addressing aging and life changes is important for creating understanding and balance. Addressing cultural needs such as appropriate introductions, communications styles, certain topics of interest or triggering topics are important to understand when meeting. Understanding an individual’s culture will help with understanding how they respond and react to certain things. Ask questions about their culture is also important. It is easier to ask than assume. Also, understand spiritual; or religious beliefs as this is relevant to how any form or treatment will be performed. Lastly, always show respect for others differences, this creates trust and respect for both parties. Conclusion Aging is different for everybody and for some it is difficult. Depression is not uncommon among the elderly population. There are fears and loneliness that come with aging. There are also

8 illnesses and decrease or loss of abilities that create a sense of sadness and isolation. As counselees we must be well educated on not only the different aspects of what elderly individuals may go through emotionally, we also need to have a wide range of knowledge on different cultures as to counsel fairly and appropriately.

9 References Late adulthood. (2020). Human Development . https://pdx.pressbooks.pub/humandevelopment/chapter/late-adulthood/ What causes elderly depression. (2023). CareCorner . https://www.carecorner.org.sg/resource/what-causes-elderly-depression/? gclid=CjwKCAjw7oeqBhBwEiwALyHLM9TFjVyOBcSj40nhHWiL_XfF0lChD0UMuY EvHKdSeec4iWwavAmIzRoCrHEQAvD_BwE

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Senior Living Resident Strategy Recommendations - Nov. 1 @ 8_34 pm

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