Sociology unit 1 Sophia Learning Quiz

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DeVry University, Keller Graduate School of Management *

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185

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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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15/15 that's 100% RETAKE 15 questions were answered correctly . 1 Which of the following does a researcher do when formulating a hypothesis?  Propose an explanation about the influence an independent variable has on the dependent variable  Identify a sample of respondents who are representative of the given population  Pick a research topic to study and define the research question and variables  Establish a conclusive statement about the relationship between variables RATIONALE A hypothesis is a testable, informed guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables; the independent variable is the cause of the change or the variable that influences the other variable. The dependent variable is the effect or the variable that is changed. Establishing a conclusive statement about the relationship between variables, identifying a sample of respondents, and picking a research topic to study are actions that the researcher performs after formulating the hypothesis. CONCEPT Formulating a Hypothesis Report an issue with this question 2

Which of the following is the primary source of information in a literature review?  Government statistics and reports  Previous studies published in the field  Data generated from experiments conducted by the researchers  A survey or questionnaire administered by the researchers RATIONALE A literature review is a survey of any existing similar or related studies on a topic of study. By reviewing the existing research, people will be able to familiarize themselves with the existing data available and find new ideas that might not have occurred to them before. CONCEPT Researching Existing Sources Report an issue with this question 3 How does studying sociology benefit people's thinking?  It helps people use their preconceived notions to form opinions about others.  It helps people be more open to diverse cultures and different perspectives.  It helps people understand others in isolation from their social contexts.

 It helps people focus more on nature than on nurture to understand human behavior. RATIONALE Sociology makes people more aware that there are many different kinds of people in the world who do not necessarily think the way they do. It increases their willingness and ability to try to see the world from other people’s perspectives. CONCEPT What Sociology Studies Report an issue with this question 4 Assume that you are faced with a personal problem such as an unexpected layoff. Which approach would most strongly indicate that you possessed a sociological imagination?  Looking at the layoff as a specific, isolated event that you are affected by  Understanding which specific personality traits led you to be laid off  Holding yourself accountable for the layoff and beginning a process of transformation  Looking at the layoff in the context of the larger economic environment RATIONALE The sociological imagination involves being able to connect your personal troubles with broader social forces. If you possessed a sociological imagination, you would be able to look at a personal situation in the context of the social environment. If you were laid off,

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you would not take it personally but try to look at the larger context, such as the economic environment in your country. CONCEPT The Sociological Imagination Report an issue with this question 5 Which of the following characterizes class consciousness in the Marxist view of society?  Attempts by individuals to improve their social and economic standing through hard work  Attempts by the government to improve a group's social and economic standing through education and employment  A common group identity as exploited proletarians and potential revolutionaries  An assertion of individual identity and rights as opposed to group identity RATIONALE According to Marx, class consciousness is a sense of common group identity as exploited proletarians and potential revolutionaries. CONCEPT Conflict Theory Report an issue with this question 6 Which of the following is a quantitative research method?  Administering open-ended surveys

 Gathering data from an experiment  Conducting in-depth interviews  Conducting participant observation RATIONALE Quantitative research includes research methods that focus on gathering data from experiments or studies. Qualitative research focuses on gathering information in a narrative format instead of designing a study, such as through participant observation, interviews, or surveys. CONCEPT Introduction to Sociological Research Report an issue with this question 7 Which of the following is true of field research?  It narrows down the causes and effects of people's behaviors.  It takes subjects out of their natural environments.  It is most useful in understanding why people behave in a certain way.  It produces data much of which are based on correlation RATIONALE Field research refers to gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey. Fieldwork is optimal for observing how people behave, but less useful in

determining why they behave in a certain way. Much of the data are based on correlation. CONCEPT Collecting Data: Qualitative Approaches Report an issue with this question 8 Which of the following quantitative research methods involves the examination of existing information that was previously collected by other researchers?  Random sampling  Secondary data analysis  Participant observation  A focus group RATIONALE Secondary data analysis is the examination of existing data that have already been collected by other researchers. Secondary data are not obtained from firsthand research collected from primary sources but have already been collected by other researchers. CONCEPT Collecting Data: Quantitative Approaches Report an issue with this question 9 What is the aim of the principle of dissemination in sociological ethics?  To keep research participants anonymous and restrict the publishing of identifiable information

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 To make the purpose of a study known to research participants before they give consent  To distribute knowledge within the field of sociology by publishing research results  To administer surveys and questionnaires to as large a sample of the population as possible RATIONALE Dissemination refers to the distribution of knowledge in the field of sociology, particularly by publishing study results. CONCEPT Ethics in Sociology Report an issue with this question 10 Maya is a sociology student who is required to submit an assignment analyzing the job market from the perspectives of first conflict theory and then symbolic interactionism. Which of the following should she do when writing her paper?  First, she should examine the differences in power among people at different levels, and then she should analyze the one-on-one interactions between employees.  First, she should examine how employees develop a sense of self- confidence at work, and then she should examine how employees react to one another at work.  First, she should examine one-on-one interactions between people, and then she should examine how the job market attains stability. 

First, she should examine the reasons for the rapid changes in job responsibilities, and then she should analyze how rich employers exert control over poor employees. RATIONALE When working from the perspective of conflict theory, Maya should focus on the way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power and examine how conflicts arise from competition for scarce resources. On the other hand, when looking through the lens of symbolic interactionism, she should focus on one- on-one communications and interactions between people. CONCEPT Comparing the Paradigms Report an issue with this question 11 How does a paradigm differ from a theory?  A paradigm can be proven with a study, while a theory cannot be proven with a study.  Paradigms can compete over a single event, but there are many theories.  Paradigms are constantly evolving, while theories are established.  A paradigm is an approach to sociological work, while a theory is developed as a result of the work. RATIONALE A paradigm is different from a theory. A sociologist's paradigm is something semi-permanent about their approach to their work. Theories are the ideas developed as a result of a sociologist's work. CONCEPT

What is Theory? Report an issue with this question 12 According to Robert Merton, what are the manifest functions of a social process?  The unintended outcomes of a social process  The outcomes of a social process that cannot be observed  The anticipated or desired outcomes of a social process  The outcomes of a social process that can be observed RATIONALE Robert Merton pointed out that social processes often have many functions. Manifest functions are the consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated. CONCEPT Structural Functionalism Report an issue with this question 13 Which of the following is a critique of symbolic interactionism?  It focuses on addressing social inequality rather than on understanding social interactions.  It focuses on interactions between people rather than observing society as a whole. 

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It mainly focuses on the structure of a society rather than its smaller elements.  It focuses too much on quantitative data at the expense of qualitative information. RATIONALE Symbolic interactionism is a microlevel theory that focuses on meanings attached to human interaction, both verbal and nonverbal, and to symbols. Interactionists are criticized for not paying enough attention to social institutions and structural constraints. It is imperative to address social inequities within society to understand face-to-face interactions. The theory is also criticized for its narrow focus; that is, it focuses on individual behavior without considering the larger factor, which is society. CONCEPT Symbolic Interactionism Report an issue with this question 14 In the scientific method, which of the following should a researcher do after reviewing previously published work on a particular topic?  Determine the exact research methodology to be used  Perform background research related to the current topic to be tested  Propose an educated guess about how things are related to one another  Analyze the data gathered and draw conclusions RATIONALE

The scientific method is a multistep procedure that involves systematically formulating questions, gathering data, and questioning hypotheses. The third step in the scientific method is to hypothesize, that is, make an educated guess or predict how things are related to each other. CONCEPT The Scientific Method Report an issue with this question 15 Which of the following is a potential drawback of pursuing a value- relevant research question?  The researcher will be less motivated to complete the research.  The researcher's own beliefs could bias the research.  The researcher's own beliefs and values would be in contrast to the research question.  The researcher will be more likely to modify the research questions based on the actual findings. RATIONALE Value-relevant research is a recognition that your values guide you to your research topics. However, a potential drawback is that the study might be biased by the researcher's values, principles, or beliefs.

Sociology unit 1 Sophia Learning Quiz

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