“Liquidity Management Via Interest Rate Corridor in Pakistan- and Experience of Other Countries’ Emerging Markets”

The internet has allowed the money market to operate 24 hours a day. It has been noted however that exchange rate volatility has increased,[v] which makes it more difficult for the government to set monetary policy.

In most countries, commercial banks’ reserve accounts with the central bank must have a positive balance at the end of every day; in some countries, the amount is specifically set as a proportion of the liabilities a bank have that is on its customers. This is known as a reserve requirement. At the end of every day, a commercial bank will have to examine the status of their reserve accounts. Those that are in deficit have the option of borrowing the required funds from the central bank, where they may be charged a lending rate which is also referred to as the discount rates on the amount they borrow. In a balanced system, where there are just enough total reserves for all the banks to meet requirements, the short-term interbank lending rate will be in between the support rate and the discount rate. Both the Treasury and the central bank are involved in these reserve management operations to maintain interest rate stability (Palley, 2012). This applies to the relationship between the Central Bank of Kenya and its regulatory requirement to maintain a capping that is below 14%. CBK finances commercial banks at much lower rate on their borrowing so that the banks can fix their interest charges on borrowed money at certain percentage that must not exceed the limit set by the

There are some kind of short term sources of finance in the form of debts such as bank overdraft, bank loan, creditors, debt factoring.

b. Providing Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility and RuPay Debit card to all households.

It helps the bank to maintain their position in the market as Sultanate Oman leading

Short-term loans are to be repaid within a year. Many financial institutions give this type loan like ….Savings banks, cooperatives and the government, private financers are some of the institutions that offer these loans. Bank overdraft is one such source of business finance.

In most Islamic countries, they tend to practice two types of financing in banking industry which are conventional and Islamic banking. The country like in Malaysia has successfully developed an Islamic banking system that operates in parallel with the conventional banking system. There is similarity between conventional banking and Islamic banking which helps to promote economic growth provided financing services such as credit facilities for business activity, mortgage, securities, etc. in order to achieve their same ultimate profit objectives. However, there are also having differences in practicing financial services due to most investors having their own preferences on their investments and

The Central Bank of the UAE was established in 1980 (Crystal & Peterson,2017). It is the UAE’s highest financial regulator. The Central Bank works with the state by directing changes in Monetary, Banking, and Credit-based policies appropriately. It implements those policies in accordance to the state’s current Financial and Economic needs. Moreover, the Central Bank aims to stabilize the economy and the current exchange rate by maintaining gold and other foreign currency reserves. The UAE Central Bank, “prohibits lending an amount greater than 7 percent of a bank's capital base to any single customer” (United Arab Emirates - Banking System, n.d). Furthermore, Islamic banking in the UAE has shown a boundless level of progress due to no interest fees per Sharia Law. The UAE Islamic Financial Sector was estimated to be worth around 127 Billion US Dollars in 2014, it is also the third largest Islamic market by value after Saudi Arabia and Malaysia (John,2015). In November 2011, the Central Bank introduced the IBAN system, its main purpose was to ease the process of automatic money transfers and improve the accuracy and speed of payment transactions (Standard Chartered Bank of UAE, n.d).

3. (CBO Oman, 2011) [Online] URL: http://www.cbo.gov.om, Analysis of Annual Reports of Central Bank of Oman for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. [Date Visited: 03.12.2013]

This study would attempt to investigate the effects of privatization and liberalization on the performance of the banking sector in Pakistan. We would be employing the CAMELS framework of financial indicators to gauge the effects of privatization and liberalization policies pursued since the 1990s in the banking system, using bank level data from 1990 to 2002. Banking supervisors all over the world are using the CAMELS framework of financial indicators to oversee the performance of their respective banking systems. Recent studies indicate that substantial performance and efficiency gains can be achieved by transferring ownership of banks/ financial institutions from the public sector to private hands; a summary of these is given in the next section. The paper is divided into 5 sections. Section 1 presents the introduction; second section gives an overview of the relevant literature. In the third section the methodology employed and the data used are discussed while

Next section, after introduction, provides overview of status of banking and reforms in Pakistan, section three elaborates methodology and fourth section provides results. Final section concludes the study. 2 OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL SECTOR Financial sector in Pakistan consists of regulators, commercial banks, development finance institution and stock market. Earlier the financial sector was supervised and regulated by three organizations such as State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan Banking Council and the Corporate Law Authority (CLA). The SBP acts as central bank, Pakistan Banking Council (PBC) used to monitors the performance of nationalized commercial banks and Corporate Law Authority regulates the equity market. At the time of independence Pakistan inherited Habib Bank that was established in 1941 in Bombay (Mumbai) which after creation of Pakistan shifted from Bombay to Karachi. On 1st July 1948 the Government of Pakistan has established a central bank that is State Bank of Pakistan

NIB Bank is the largest foreign bank in Pakistan in terms of its branch network and one of the largest corporate entities of the country with a paid up capital of Rs.103 billion. The Bank through its banking footprint of 179 branches in 59 cities of the country continues to serve its more than 450,000 customers for all their financial needs. As a financial institution NIB Bank plays a vital role in supporting Pakistan’s economic

Part One: Multiple Choices: 1. Frequency of First Tranche Returns is: a. Weekly b. Monthly c. Monthly/quarterly d. Monthly/quarterly/half-yearly 2. An order for winding up a banking company can be issued by___________ a. The High Court b. The RBI c. The Central Government d. The Supreme court 3. Who shall be natural guardian in case of married minor girl? a. Father

1. The Act stipulates that the Central Board of Directors of the State Bank of Pakistan

Silk Bank maintains its position as Pakistan's Premier Bank determined to set higher standards of achievements. It is the major business partner for the Government of Pakistan with special emphasis on fostering Pakistan's economic growth through aggressive and balanced lending policies, technologically oriented products and services offered through its large network of branches locally, internationally and representative offices. Banks new identity Silk bank –