1.1 Background: Automatic sprinkler systems and fire detection systems are play an important role

There is quite a debate when it comes to the idea of controlled fires to protect nature. Many agree that the benefits out way the risks but many also believe that a controlled fire is too dangerous to take that chance. If proper steps are taken, the outcome of the process is not only safe but also effective.

Inherently the fire service operates in high-risk environments to facilitate the role of preserving life safety and property conservation. How these incidents are managed and safeguarded by our administration

When one is fighting a forest fire, it is not known how that fire is going to react to the way you are fighting it. The wind, precipitation, and altitude has to do with how extreme a fire is. Bigger tools such as water helicopters, called rotorcraft’s, are used to help put out fires by dumping water or fire retardant chemicals from up above. Firemen also can put fires out faster by cutting down trees and digging trenches. This allows fire to have no place else to go and eventually puts itself out.

With that being said, society has raised its standards on what it thinks that a fire service member’s behavior should look like, and if we don’t meet those standards, we can be

You have asked the following question: “We have a high school project with a noncombustible gymnasium. The entire school is protected with a fire sprinkler system per NFPA 13. The angled seating structure is stair stepped concrete to allow for elevated seating. The area under the seating is designated as storage with full height doors and has an angled inverted stair step ceiling. Does this storage area under the seating require fire sprinkler protection?” In response to your question, we have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition that you indicated as the applicable standard. Our informal interpretation is that fire sprinklers are installed throughout the premises and would be required for the storage area.

This question may be more appropriate for a legal counsel to review where the contract and state laws can be evaluated. The EOR apparently made an argument that we should have known that the system wouldn’t work when we placed our bid. However, the question seems to be why didn’t the EOR identify this issue and thoroughly vet this question out prior the finalization of the bid documents. This seems to be an error by the EOR. With that said, we are not provided the specifics of the contract nor are we a law firm. As you pointed out, Section 4.3 for Owner’s Certificate provides some guidance where a preliminary plan of the building or structure is generated along with the design concepts necessary to perform the layout and detail for the fire sprinkler system including any special knowledge of the water supply. Water supply data from 2002 would be highly suspect and would not be viewed as being reliable. The commentary regarding EORs is provided in the Sprinkler Systems Handbook under Section 4.3. The commentary indicates that for any sprinkler system installation, the owner is in the best position to determine the intended use of the building, which is

In 2012, Insurance Services Office (ISO) conducted a review of the fire suppression capabilities of the Council Bluffs (IA) Fire Department (CBFD). The resulting Public Protection Classification (PPC) was a Class 2. This classification puts the CBFD into the top 1% of the approximately 49,000 fire departments ISO reviews. In an effort to maintain the highest level of service to the public, the current fire administration has established an organizational goal of achieving a Class 1 designation.

NIOSH found the following (2009) Ensure that fire fighters receive essential training consistent with national consensus standards on structural firefighting before being allowed to operate at a fire incident, develop, implement, and enforce written standard operating procedures (SOPs) for fireground operations, ensure that fire fighters are trained to follow the two-in/two-out rule and maintain crew integrity at all times, ensure that adequate numbers of apparatus and fire fighters are on scene before initiating an offensive fire attack in a

The Laguna Fire was said to be the biggest fire during that particular time. Because of its negative impact on the communities of Harbison Canyon and Crest it resulted in the construction of The Modular Airborne Firefighting System. This system allows for firefighters to use aircrafts to contain and stop wildfires at great lengths and one-hundred percent effectiveness. The Laguna Fire resulted in impactful changes to fire suppression and fire ground tactics. In addition, the design of the five tanks allowed for quick and effective transitions. Due to its short loading time it allows for faster preparation for when a wildfire may occur. Which is a key factor when dealing with wildfires. Furthermore, The Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System was updated to better help the firefighters when transporting the tanks. The newly developed system which is Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System II redesigned the tanks. Instead of five huge tanks they changed it and made one ginormous tank. Referring back to the article titled, “ MAFFS II Making an Impact” it mentions, “ The MAFFS II systems allow the MAFFS aircraft to be loaded at the same bases as the larger civilian air tankers due to the built in compressors used to pressurize their load of fire retardant to be forced out of the aircraft.” this is another reason why the new Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System II is extremely effective and widely used. The Firefighter’s do not have to stop at certain bases to have the tanks pressurized, because with the new development with the two compressors inside the aircrafts they can just pressurize the tanks there, and the 24-hour resource allows for better access to these military aircrafts to be used. Because they are a twenty four hour resource it means that they have twenty four hours to arrive on the scene of the fire. Furthermore, the process of

For years if not decades, firefighters have responded to a reported structure fire that turned out to be a fully involved single room. This fire scenario requires a core set of fire tactics and skills to control and extinguished the fire, but is it this simple? Perhaps twenty years it may have been, but new dangers are lurking in every scenario and may have detrimental outcomes for unsuspecting and unaware firefighters and victims. The National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) agency along with the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) have been conducting research to understand fire behavior and fire dynamics. This research is providing firefighters with new information about how and why

Within the United States there are five different types of construction. Firefighters need to know and understand each of them. Every construction type have fire resistant weaknesses, these weaknesses will result in fire spreading in the building. If firefighters understand how the fire will spread, then understand how to extinguish the fire faster and more importantly firefighters are better protected from injuries or worse. In America all buildings are associated with one of the types of construction, identified by Roman number. The building codes are, fire resistant (type I), combustible (type II), ordinary construction (type III), heavy-timber construction (type IV) and wood-frame construction (type V). It is important to remember that all buildings are not the same. Each different building construction type will burn much differently than the others do. In order to be able to size-up a building 's fire hazard, firefighters need to be able to understand a buildings contents and construction. Materials that are stored inside of the building and also materials used to construct the building will both fuel the fire. Also know that if a structure is vacant or if the contents in the building are not combustible, the main fire hazard is the building. The scale of the construction types are scaled according to the fire load of combustible material that was used for its construction. A fire resistant building is constructed with least amount of combustible materials, and a

Much like all events and natural phenomena that pose a threat to civilization, humans have learned to cope with and prevent the loss of human life and destruction of property in devastating blazes that can break out seemingly at random. Fighting fires was not always the science it is today, but due to the use of new technologies and the fundamental understanding of what fire is, how it spreads, how it can kill, and how it is stopped, our protocol when dealing with fires has increased our success rate and continues to grow with applications of engineering, chemistry, and meteorology.

Although the automatic sprinkler system is the most widely used type of fire protection system, it does have its limitations and uses inside certain building types. As previously stated, it is generally used in commercial buildings. This is because there are usually no special hazardous materials in these buildings, or any large quantity of materials that would react negatively with the application of water. It is installed in buildings such as hospitals, schools, and office buildings for life safety first, then building preservation. Since a proper functioning sprinkler system will reduce the fire size and prevent its spread, it will allow for more time of evacuation for these buildings. This is especially useful in hospitals and nursing home settings where there may be a large number of

The company can also ensure the installment of fire extinguishers and fire exit doors within the firm’s premises to create better channels of evacuation during fire outbreaks. In addition, smoke detectors and alarms should also be installed to signify and create warnings in case of such.

Something that was introduced in commercial buildings and places of large quantities of people, have made their way into our homes. Fire sprinklers are being installed into residential buildings as a normal item. In a report by The Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition, sprinklers typically reduce chances of dying in a fire and the average property loss by one-half to two-thirds compared to where sprinklers are not present. The same website notes that if both fire alarms and fire sprinkler are installed in a