1. An alloy is a homogenous mixture of a metal with one or more other elements which are usually

* Copper, gold and aluminum are all alloyed with other metals to make them harder.

New technologies were used such as alloying and casting metals for tools, weapons, and luxury goods.

It is a long process to extract Iron to get it from an ore to its final product. In the beginning stages, an iron ore is heated along with limestone and pure carbon in a furnace that reaches temperatures ranging up to 1,500°C (2,700°F); this process helps remove oxygen from iron ore. The limestone is used to erase imperfectirons.

* In the process of mining coal, the useful energy output is in the form of chemical energy.

The process of transferring the cost of metal ores and other minerals removed from the earth to an

1b/process. “How do we harvest this lost energy,” you might be wondering? Well, nuclear energy receives its power from the fission, or splitting, of atoms in very dense radioactive metals. Once one atom is split, the halves separate into 2 or more less dense atoms, and remaining neutrons can be shot out at high velocities. If these neutrons slam into another atom and are captured by it, that atom has a chance that it too will undergo fission. This cycle of splitting atoms is a chain reaction. Nuclear fission requires power to start the chain reaction, and it needs a certain amount of Uranium, called a critical mass, before this chain reaction can support itself and create excess energy. This excess energy is released as heat, usually into water. This changes the water into steam and is used to turn turbines to produce electricity. According to an article written by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, the first successful attempt at a self-sustaining nuclear reactor was on December 2nd, 1942.

Metal mining is the process of extracting ore or minerals underneath of the earth. Mining produces economic gains for countries that have plenty of metallic ore deposits, however the mining industry has a record of causing environmental disasters by releasing heavy metals such as (lead, lithium, cadmium) and other chemicals. Also mining has increased air pollution, loss of habitat for many species and the impact on the human health can be devastating.

However, as time went on, people started to discover metals and how they could be used such as iron, brass,

Zinc is a shiny silvery and bluish element. Zinc can be used together with many other elements to form alloys. For example, Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper mixed together. Most air changes (discolours) zinc.

O think what the world can do now since the old times hundreds of years ago to turn any worthless metal to a valuable kind.

Among these are refractories, electrodes, and alloying elements. • Refractories are materials that work as thermal isolators and are used to coat critical steel mill equipment such as blast furnaces, ladles, and converters. Their main function is to protect the equipment from extreme temperatures and to minimize wear and tear. •Electrodes constitute an important input in the operation of electric steel mills. • Alloying elements Metals such as zinc, tin, chrome and aluminum are employed in steel alloy production.

Alloys are made up of two different chemical elements, most of which are metal. There are some non metal alloys components such as the various forms Hydroxides and Carbonates. The most important metallic component of an alloy is called a main metal, parent metal and the base metal. The other component of an alloy can be either metal or nonmetal. Although alloys can be a compound, they are usually a solid solution.

Since the element is resistant to corrosion from things such as sea water and chlorine, it is often found being used in the industrial world. One of the most common places that Titanium is found is in desalination plants, which convert sea water into drinking water. The element is used in heat exchangers; if the heat exchangers were made of a different element they would need to be replaced more often due to corrosion. A very strong alloy is produced when Titanium is combined with iron, aluminum, vanadium, and molybdenum. This alloy is found in large items such as: jet engines, missiles, spacecraft, military equipment, and even automobiles. The alloy is also used in many things that we are known to love. Americans usually carry items with them everyday that are made up of this alloy. For example, right now in my car I have many items that are made up of the alloy such as: jewelry, a cell phone, and a football helmet grill (History of Titanium).

18. Metallurgy - Metallurgy is the science or technique of heating, and/ or working metals to give them a desired shape or desired properties. The word originated in ancient greece

Copper lasts a long time, is durable and is the base of many jewellery alloys.