1 Bromobutane

In this experiment, the addition of Bromine to an alkene was done. In doing so the solution undergoes a halogen addition reaction, which is a simple reaction where a halogen molecule is added to a double bonded carbon0carbon alkene functional group. In this experiment cholesterol (the alkene used) is dissolved in 2 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether and Bromine (halogen) is added to the solution to create a reaction.

Brock (Bromine)- Halogen. Bromine is a toxic element that is deep red in color and sharp in smell, and is used in insecticides, agricultural chemicals. Different bromine compounds are also used as flame retardants, but has been banned in the USA due to its toxicity. Brock is reflective of this element because he is the villain-

2C-B or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shuling in 1974. In Shulgin 's book PiHKAL, the dosage range is listed as 12–24 mg. 2C-B is sold as a white powder sometimes pressed in tablets or gel caps and is referred to on the street by a number of slang names. 2C-B usually is taken orally, but can also be vaporized. The psychiatric community was the first community that saw this synthetic drug. 2C-B was used in the psychiatric community as an aid to therapy. It was considered one of the best drugs for this purpose because of its short duration, it’s great absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature. Once 2C-B had become popular in the medical community, it was found being popular recreationally. 2C-B was first sold commercially as an aphrodisiac under the trade name "Eros", which was manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company. Aphrodisiac being a food, drink, drug of some sort that stimulates sexual desire. Internationally, 2C-B is a Schedule ll under the Convention Psychotropic Substance or better known as a drug that has a high potential for being abused. The great thing about this research is the Unites States was the first to declare this drug as being illegal back in 1995. At one point in time 2C-B was popular in the United States and was legal. It was known as ecstasy back in 1985 when it also became an illegal drug in the United States. In Columbia, 2C-B

In order to synthesis tert-butyl chloride, HCl is used in a substitution reaction to displace an OH molecule that is connected to the tert-butyl molecule. Substitution reactions for alkyl halides can go one of two ways; an Sn1 reaction or an Sn2 reaction. An Sn1 reaction is unimolecular (only depends on the substrate), and requires a very weak nucleophile, a polar-protic solvent and favors tertiary alkyl halides as the electrophiles. An Sn2 reaction is the opposite and is bimolecular (depends on the substrate and nucleophile), requires a very strong nucleophile, a polar-aprotic solvents and favors primary alkyl halides as the electrophile. There are a number of factors that can affect the efficiency of these reactions. An Sn2 reaction is affected

In an SN2 reaction, it is a one-step reaction and occurs when a nucleophile attacks a molecule and forces the leaving of a leaving group.

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction occurs when a hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring is replaced with an electrophile. This reaction is of the SN2 type and is a two-step mechanism. The first step is the rate-determining step, where the electrophile forms a sigma-bond to the benzene ring, creating a positively charged intermediate.1 In the second step, the hydrogen atom is removed, resulting in a substituted benzene ring. When a mono-substituted benzene goes through an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, there are usually three possible products that can be formed; ortho, para, meta.1 These different products occur because during an electrophilic substitution reaction, certain positions on benzene react faster than the

Bromocriptine is a prescription drug with off-label uses, due to its dopamine effects. It belongs to a group of medicines known as ergot alkaloids. Bromocriptine dosage is available in the form of:

Bromine is a naturally occurring element that is a liquid at room temperature. In it has a brownish-red color with a bleach-like odor and it dissolve in water. An found in bromine is a naturally in the earth’s crust and in seawater in various chemical form. Can also be found as an alternative to chlorine in swimming pool. Then some product containing bromine are used in agriculture and sanitation as an fire retardants.

Both SN1 and SN2 reactions are nucleophilic substitution reactions. The main difference is their rate-determining step. For SN1 reaction, the rate-determining step is unimolecular where for SN2 reaction is bimolecular. In this experiment, an intermediate is formed. After the halide has been completely removed and the nucleophile has been added, the reaction terminates and leads to an inversion of stereochemistry. SN2 reaction is favoured because it gives a product with predictable stereocenter as it proceeds through an inversion of

A substitution is when two separate reactants exchange parts in a chemical reaction. Predicting how a particular reaction might occur is useful in many aspects, such as determining how a new compound might react under certain external conditions. In the substitution of an alkyl halide, the reaction can proceed through three options: bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2), unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1), or a mixture of the both SN1 and SN2. The type of reaction that occurs depends on four main factors, which include the nucleophile, the electrophile, also called the alkyl halide substrate, the leaving group, and the solvent.

Optimal CA conditions can potentially double storage life, however there is a risk of developing off odors if the oxygen levels fall below 1% [Forney et al. 1991]. These off odors are generated by sulfur-containing volatiles, so high rates of air exchange are recommended in shipping containers to avoid them.

Determining how a mechanism takes place is crucial in order to define a mechanism. In this experiment, a mechanism was determined based on the purified product’s melting point. This was accomplished by comparing the acquired melting point with the one provided by Professor Link. (Q1) When 0.252 g of trans-cinnamic acid was mixed in 2.5 mL glacial acetic acid and introduced to 0.434g pyridinium tribromide, the resulting product reflects an addition reaction. In general, reactions take place to achieve its lowest Gibb’s free energy because it’s at this point where a structure is most stable; in this case, the reaction is an addition of bromine into alkenes. (Q2)

Both Sn1 and Sn2 reactions are nucleophilic substitution reactions, though they are slightly different. Sn2 reactions have bimolecular displacement and are also concerted, meaning the bond making and the bond breaking processes happen in one step.1 Sn1 reactions require two steps and have unimolecular displacement. This difference can be seen when comparing Figure 1 and Figure 2 below. The strength of the nucleophile does not effect Sn1 reactions, while the strongest nucleophile is required for Sn2 substitution reactions.2 Other important considerations include the effect of

The section should be discussing the theory behind the reaction. The theory needs to be discussed using scientific language and should address the purpose of the experiment. The whole section should be approximately one, grammatically correct paragraph. Moreover, this section should be original and not copied from the lab procedure. Please focus on the chemistry behind the reaction and discuss what steps are happening in the reaction or why the technique is important.

Bromhexine is an expectorant [2,3]. It works by increasing mucus secretion and the volume of the sputum which is leading to a reduction of mucus viscosity [2,3]. Therefore, it aids in expectorating the phlegm