Gender Equality And Economic Growth Essay

We live in a society where men and women are not see the same nor are treated equally. Gender inequalities have always been an issue in our society. Women have always gain less respect than men based on their sex. The society has developed certain images and roles for males and females. Men are seen to have masculine traits such stability, independence, and confidence; whereas, women have more feminine traits such as nurturing, affection, and patience. As well, the society has developed the division of occupations for genders. Females are expected to work in caring professions such as: a nurse, sectary, or teacher. While men are expected to be: doctors, lawyers, and construction workers. These stereotypes of gender should not state what a woman can do. A woman should have the same opportunities as men when is come to issues such as paying rate and job positions. This paper will address gender inequalities that women face in their occupations.

Higher levels of education for women would increase the opportunity cost for women chosing to work outside the home. The opportunity cost rises because as a women’s education level increases, so does the available positions the woman is qualified for, hence a higher level of income. This means a woman chosing not to work outside the home is forgoing the opportunity for higher education for women to benefit her and her potential to earn higher wages.

According to the author, 60 percent of both bachelor’s and graduate degrees go to women and “unmarried and childless women who are under thirty and with full-time jobs earn 8 percent more than their male peers in 147 out of 150 of the largest U.S. cities” (698). It is obviously seen that more women than men are getting degrees and if women do not have a family, they earn more than men at their age. This trend seems very dangerous to men; it makes us concern about men’s future in this country and also the educational gap will increase or

Now a day we hear a lot about the wage gap between men and women. President of The United States, in the state of the Union, stated that “Women earn much less than men for doing the same amount of the work”. Based on some statistic survey women makes seventy-seven cents on the dollar. The pay gap means women loses about $10,000 in median earning a year [4], if you consider career long-view the gap obstructs wealth building. This is one major concern in today's competitive world, in 2014 Republican National Committee argued that “The difference isn’t because of their genders; it’s because of their jobs.” Where research shows that gender wage gap is real and still exist The question that arises is why there is a wage gap between men and women? The answer to that question is women are more likely to take a break from their careers to take care of their family. This kind of disruption can have an impact on long-term earning.

The gender wage inequality topic is one that has quietly laid in Americas closet of problems for decades. A female worker in Louisiana makes on average an alarming sixty-six cents compared to the dollar a man makes in twenty sixteen. When a father comes home after a forty-hour long work week making fifteen dollars an hour, he will open up a paycheck to six hundred dollars. When a mother comes home after working the same hours as the father, she will prepare dinner, change your diaper, lay you down to sleep. The only difference is her paycheck reads three hundred ninety-six dollars. It is only getting more challenging for females in today’s society as well. A defining term in the last two decades pertaining to gender wage gap inequality is the glass elevator effect. More men are choosing female dominated jobs such as nursing, teaching etc. While females slowly try to advance by increasing their salaries and rise up to higher paying and important positions, men seem to effortless glide their way to the top by an invisible escalator. This is called the glass elevator effect (Forbes). In America, this problem may go unnoticed, it is an issue dealing with cultural sexism. The broader impact of this is generations of women doing their best to advance in society but somehow constantly being beat. The specific claim of this topic is to bring justice and equality to women across in

Women are often still seen as the weaker sex and are automatically cast into the role of homemaker. We have seen a huge change in women in the work place over the last half century and more women are working now than ever. Even with this shift in employment there is still the traditional association set in place that a woman stay home and tend to the house and kids. Women fall behind in mobility for these reasons. Women are also more likely to become single parents, forfeit higher education, and work lower paying jobs adding to their economic lag (Reeves & Venator, Par.5). In an article on Gender Gaps in Relative Mobility they discuss the significant gender gap we are still facing. Graphs using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) were used to show where women’s mobility stands. The conclusion of this data is that things seem to be equal for men and women when comparing economic growth but in fact are not. The article by Richard V. Reeves and Joanna Venator states that even though it seems women have been gaining in mobility throughout the years, “mobility patterns by gender shows that there is clearly a long way to go before we approach equality” (Reeves & Venator, Par.7). Simply put, gender equality has not been fully reached, and until it has, women cannot achieve their top economic status or level of

In this paper, I will demonstrate, with the use of examples, that the causal factors which keep women of our society from progressing nearly as much in their professions as men is that the labor distribution in the family household has not made any significant changes in past years. I argue that, in the long term, Kay and Shipman are

In the last 30 years women in the UK working has risen to 2.45 million whereas men working has risen by 0.5 million. Item A suggests a variety of gender inequalities in today’s society for example the pay difference women receive as it is suggested according to item A that women earn a quarter of a million pounds less than men and this is without women not having any children if she did have children it would be £140,000 less. The pay gap reduces family income overall which isn’t beneficial for families. Another issue is that women mainly work in low paid sectors like retail or caring and due to women having a glass

Approximately 70% of employer’s expenses consist of labor costs. An employer that hires only females can save 20 cent per dollar compared to one that only hires men. Since a female worker saves the company 20 cents per dollar, she is performing equally to a man – to a lower cost. Since marginal benefit versus marginal cost for women is 20 cents higher than the ratio of men, there should be a clear incentive for hiring women. There has been a major discussion over the passed years about the questions around whether women and minorities are being wage-discriminated on the basis of their sex/ethnicity. This paper will elaborate on the part of women. In the 1950’s one third of the US workforce was made out of women compared to today where two

For example the size of the family and number of children dictate the economic way of living of that family. Often, women in society have a role in childbearing and raising a certain number of children and carrying out farm works as opposed to men who work in outside jobs in different offices. Economic analysis of this kind of decision shows that the labor force is low compared to the size of the family. This is because, the income from the couple would be more compared to when only the male individual is working. If the latter is used it would mean poor living standards as the family is

Currently, according to statistics from the Department of Labor of the United States; of the “123 million women age 16 years and over, 58.6 percent or 72 million were labor force participants and in the long run, women are projected to account for 51 percent of the increase in total labor force growth between 2008 and 2018” (U.S. Department of Labor). These numbers will clearly demonstrate to any skeptic that women are leaving behind their old dependence on men and becoming more autonomous and self-determined to succeed; it sounds great, doesn’t it? On the other hand; however, men are losing as women are gaining. The Department of Labor has reported that men have lost about 4.75 million jobs during the current economic recession that started in 2007, while women have only lost 1.66 million. Additionally, “the only parts of the economy still growing—health care, education and government—have traditionally hired mostly women”( Cauchon). Now, as a result, of the statistics that show that females are overcoming males in the workplace; the gender segregation has created some kind of imaginary “glass ceiling” that impedes both sexes from advancing professionally and economically.

During the Industrial Revolution, the discrepancy in gender wages decreased from a 70 percent deficit in the agricultural economy to approximately 50 percent in the manufacturing economy. During the period from around 1890 to 1930, the gender wage gap decreased from 46 to 56 percent of male earnings. Clerical and sales professions began their ascendancy during this period. However, women’s participation in the workforce did not increase significantly in either of these periods. Additionally, the gender earnings gap remained almost constant at around 60 percent from 1950 - 1980 when women’s participation in the workforce increased substantially (Blau and Kahn 2000). Changes in household structure have also made equal pay more of a family issue. There are an increasing number of dual income households and one-third of women who work are the breadwinner of their family.

Throughout history, countless acts of gender inequality can be identified; the causes of these discriminating accounts can be traced back to different causes. The general morality of the inequity relies on a belief that men are superior to women; because of this idea, women have spent generations suffering under their counterparts. Also, a common expectation is that men tend to be more assertive and absolute because of their biological hormones or instinctive intellect. Another huge origin is sexual discrimination; even in the world today, many women are viewed by men as just sex objects rather than a real human being with

Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development. There is no single definition that encompasses all the aspects of economic development. The most comprehensive definition perhaps of economic development is the one given by Todaro: ‘Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multi – dimensional process involving reorganization and re orientation of the entire economic and social system. Development is a process of improving the quality of all human lives with three equally important aspects. These are: 1.

Economic growth refers to the rate of increase in the total production of goods and services within an economy. Economic growth increases the productivity capacity of an economy, thereby allowing more wants to be satisfied. A growing economy increases employment opportunities, stimulates business enterprise and innovation. A sustained economic growth is fundamental to any nation wishing to raise its standard of living and provide a greater well being for all. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all final goods and services produced over a year. It is the total value of production within the economy. The total value of production is the total value of the final goods or services less the cost of