1. STROKE -OVERVIEW Stroke is one amongst the foremost distressing experiences that can happen to

In addition to providing hands-on patient care, robots can also help lift patients. Some Japanese inventors created the "Robot for Interactive Body Assistance". This robot is used to transport patients weighing up to 134 lbs. to bedsides and wheelchairs using built-in sensors and foam support technology (Dean, 2009). In America researchers have tested robot called a "Nursebot" on elderly patients, this was not very effective. The problems with the "Nursebot" was it’s ability to perform task such as giving patients bath or help change the patients. The "Nursebot" was however able to remind patients when to take medications or help them to move around as to not strain the elderly person.

Strokes are caused by pathophysiological changes. The two major mechanisms of stroke consist of ischemia and haemorrhage. Ischemia is when there is no oxygen or not, merely enough oxygen to fuel the tissue level in the body. Haemorrhage in the brain, causing strokes can be due to non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage (Shah, MD, n.d.) (see appendix 1). This essay will further discuss the implications of strokes on a cellular, organ and system level. Explain the clinical presentation of the signs and symptoms of strokes and how the condition will be managed by a paramedic.

The objective of the present study was to assess the extent of stroke knowledge, specifically regarding the risk factors and warning signs of stroke. Thus, it is important to be well understood about stroke, the risk factors and the warning signs. Furthermore, this review will discuss in details about the two risk factors, stress and obesity that are significant among the studied population. This is followed by the review on the state of stroke knowledge and its importance from the previous studies among varied populations.

The Vasteras Giraff is a new breakthrough in the healthcare industry. Through new innovation that has been developed by Giraff Technologies of Sweden, communication could be changed forever. This device is essentially a mobile communication tool with wheels, a camera, and a monitor—all remote controlled. Think of it as a two-way video communication system on wheels. Its main function is to provide the housebound or elderly with a communication system. I believe this device is a positive solution to an ongoing problem as the population continues to age, and there is more need for home healthcare. This robot helps elderly people communicate with the outside world without leaving their home.

Occupational Therapy is a growing field; one that is constantly changing as technology becomes more advanced. There are different techniques and methods used in this field, as well as the field of physical therapy, in order assist in client advancement and growth. The traditional method being discussed is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation also known as PNF and the contemporary technique is Kinesio Taping. These techniques and methods came about for the same purpose, and that is to ultimately help both the Practitioners and of course clients they work with.

In Canada, hundreds of horses are fatally injured and afterword’s euthanized, due to musculoskeletal or neurological injuries in their limbs every year. In order to give these horses the chance to possibly recover fully, Dr. Julia Montgomery, a large animal specialist at the University of Saskatchewan, developed a robotic lift system with the help of her team. The goal of this system is to help these horses recover by taking the weight off the injured limb by supporting the horse in a sling.

For the purposes of this paper, the focus is on the first stage of motor learning, the cognitive stage. The patient has suffered a recent traumatic SCI influencing his ability to perform any task independently. He must now learn how to perform everyday tasks over again. The overall goal of the cognitive stage is to provide the patient with an understanding of the skill/task at hand and provides a trial and error approach for acquisition of the skills of performing that task. The example of bed mobility skills and the ability to roll left and right may be used to explain this concept. The patient should first be made aware of the task and purpose (to improve his independence with bed mobility), a demonstration of the task should be shown, and the patient should be able to verbalize what is expected during this task. Extrinsic feedback should be provided in the form of tactile and/or verbal cues, i.e. reminding the patient to rock his body to gain momentum to roll towards the left or right side from supine. This task should be performed on a blocked practice schedule initially and then progressed to random practice, where there are a variety of tasks performed in a random sequence. For example, have the patient roll to his left side and then back to supine repeatedly followed by having him roll right, then supine, then right, then supine, then left, then supine and mix up the directions of rolling1. Each task practiced with the patient should start with the cognitive stage and then progress to the associative when he is

The number of stroke rehabilitation exercises that a patient has to go through could be far too many. This, along with restricted movements on a wheelchair, could make him/her irritable and obstinate. Profhand Pedal Wheelchair, tried and tested in Japan, is a boon to such people as well as their caregivers/institutions involved in rehabilitation.

Essential tremors, the most common form of tremors, are prevalent at some scale in approximately 98% of the elderly population. This type of tremor becomes more severe with age, rendering simple daily tasks such as cooking and writing very difficult, due to the involuntary movement. With such a large percentage of senior citizens affected, much of the population would benefit from a solution to this issue. Therefore, this study demonstrates an experimental design that has been created to reduce oscillations caused by the tremors, thus increasing hand dexterity in tremor sufferers. To do this, a combination of gyroscopes and weight were made into a glove that patients could wear to counteract movement from the tremor, allowing the patient to

Have you ever heard of Robotic exoskeletons? They are made to support paralyzed or injured patients. But they used to cost more then a car to buy and it has to be plugged into a wall. Not very practical. But luckily 3 amazing millennials from the University of Pennsylvania came up with a prototype which will only cost 2000 dollars and is also stronger and more efficient.

Currently, robotic systems of active foot orthoses consist of PGO, PAGO, Anklebot, MIT-AAFO, AFOUD, KAFO, RGT, Yonsei-AAFO, and SUkorpion AR. This kind of technology provides suitable gait dynamics for rehabilitation \cite{daniel2005}. The Powered Gait Orthosis (PGO) promotes bipedal locomotor performance in the patient who has a physical impairment and the Pneumatic Active Gait Orthosis (PAGO) uses the electropneumatic circuit to improve locomotor performance for paraplegic patients \cite{ruthenberg1997,belforte2001}. The Anklebot is a commercial product from Interactive Motion Technologies. The goal of this robot is to recover stroke patient's ankles \cite{roy2007}. This research performs a simple protocol for ankle stiffness estimation.

Gait impairment is a common but detrimental side effect from illnesses such as neurological disorders or strokes. It is important to find the most effective method of treatments for improving gait ability in patients who suffer with these issues. Robotic gait training has been suggested to be more effective than traditional physical therapy, but has not been around long enough for results to be centralized or publicized. The methodology included searching through a series of online databases for information relating to robotic gait training and neurological disorders/strokes. A total of 11 sources were compiled and then analyzed in the review of literature. The results showed a positive correlation between robotic therapy and gait rehabilitation,

Independence walking is one of the main goals of rehabilitation because it has one of the greatest impacts on a patient’s life. Studies have been performed to determine if robotic-assisted gait training had a significant advantage on stroke patients compared to only undergoing typical physical therapy treatment. It is important for researchers to find positive correlations in robotic gait training and walking therapy as it is common but detrimental to the patient’s lifestyle. However, these professionals and researchers have limited knowledge of how effective robotic gait training is with patients with a neurological disorder, who have suffered a stroke, or are paraplegic, where their walking abilities are severely restricted. This is a relatively new treatment method that has ongoing research from professions such as physical therapists and neurologists, as well as organizations and medical groups like the Department of Veteran Affairs, Hocoma, and hospitals around the country. Researchers studied individuals with impaired gait ability caused by neurological disorders, strokes, or

Drug prescriptions may help with pain, and occupational therapy, physical therapy, and massage therapy are useful for the recovery of motor and sensory functions. However, there are limitations to these therapies, such as when and where they can be performed. Additionally research has focused on a person’s overall ability or disability in performing activities of daily living (ADL) after therapy, which doesn’t distinguish between the motor function of the affected limb and compensation by other limbs. Neurorehabilitation research contributed to changing the discussion to an individual’s level of motor and sensory function and the development of assistive haptic and robotic devices [6]. The range of technology varies from simple end-effector devices to full scale exoskeleton robots, to be fitted to the hand or affected limb.

Rehabilitation depends on a combination of support from a range of health professionals, social services, financial support, and help from family and carers.