1. What Are The Reasons To Evaluate The Atomic Testing And Policy?

Looking back to 1953, the nation was at a much different place. However, the decisions that were made in 1953 greatly impacted the nation’s involvement in terrorism today. Stephen Kinzer, author of All The Shah’s Men, addresses how the United States’ role in the 1953 CIA coup in Iran leads up to modern terrorism that can be seen in society currently. Additionally, Kinzer is a very credible source considering he has worked in more than fifty countries and is an award-winning foreign journalist. Furthermore, Kinzer has been the New York Times bureau chief in multiple different countries; some being Berlin, Managua, Nicaragua, and Istanbul. With that being said, Kinzer has a vast amount of knowledge regarding the nation’s role in foreign affairs. According to Kinzer, the 1953 CIA coup in Iran politically destabilized the nation, led to the rise of modern terrorism, and immensely affected the CIA’s reputation. This paper examines Kinzer’s arguments with the assessment that the nation involving itself in foreign affairs undeniably leads to unintended consequences.

Additionally, it also presents perspectives on important policies and strategies of Iran and North Korea, in regard to the development of their armory of nuclear weapons.

United States policy towards the Iran-Iraq war was interesting to say the least. While the United States claimed to be a neutral party, they supported Iraq for the majority of the war, supported Iran for a brief period, then went back to only supporting Iraq. Both sides committed numerous atrocities and war crimes, and for the most part received little to no American condemnation. Through this essay, I will explore the reasons for the US involvement, and their responses to a number of war crimes, particularly Iraq’s use of chemical weapons throughout the war.

Iran’s nuclear programme has in recent years worsened US-Iran relations. The United States accuses Iran of seeking to develop nuclear weapons (Bahgat , 2009). Other reasons for mistrust include USA’s support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980’s. Specifically, Iran continues to resent the US supplying Iraq with the chemical weapons it used during the war. Adding fuel to the fire, in 1988, US guided missile Cruiser the USS Vincennes on station in the Persian Gulf mistakenly shot down Iranian Airlines flight 655 killing 290. (Milinski, n.d.)

This investigation determines to what extent American foreign policy, within the years 1953-1982, caused the Iranian embassy siege. Furthermore, it questions the role that the Carter and Kennedy administrations had in furthering the American agenda within Iran. In order to assess the role American influence played, this investigation evaluates the relations between the Carter administration and Mohammed Raza Pahlevi during his tenure as Shah. Carter’s Middle-Eastern foreign policy is examined to gain further insight into the influence that the United States had over Pahlevi. Also, the role that the televised address from

n this paper I will be investigating if nuclear weapons become considered to use more after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. I will be discussing if President Bush’s speeches before 9/11 about nuclear weapons changes after the attacks of 9/11 and then I will analyze those speeches to see if his rhetoric changes before and after the attacks. In this essay I want to analyze the rhetoric from the presidents to show the trend that nuclear weapons are becoming more talked and that they are trying to not be used more because of the terrorists attacks especially from 9/11.

This article attempts to highlight the facts, as well as falsities during the course of World War II that have been portrayed throughout history. Author John W. Dower does this by explaining key occurrences such as the dropping of the two atomic bombs, political relations, and most importantly, the beginning of the nuclear arms race. The initial discussion takes place with the question of why is there is a controversy now, many years after these events have occurred. Dower looks to bluntly interpret his thoughts on that issue, by claiming the United States was to blame for everything. To be more precise, now that Truman and his successors has allowed this firestorm to begin, how can one assume they will be able to put it out? This idea, along

Baxter, K. and Akbarzadeh, Shahram, _US foreign policy in the Middle East_, Routledge, London, 2008.

In his paper about Iran’s nuclear program, Barry R. Posen emphasized that Iran’s nuclear program may result on regional and global instability. On regional level, neighboring countries of Iran will feel threatened with Iran’s nuclear power. This situation may lead them to follow Iran’s step in developing nuclear weapons even though they do not have the capability to ensure the security of their nuclear sites. Clearly, nuclear weapons proliferation will put the Middle East in escalating dangerous situation. On global level, the U.S. and its allies are concerned that the situation in the Middle East may harm their national interests. The Middle East is still a prominent producer of oil which is the main energy resource for industrial

The US had hoped that once democracy had been established in Iraq it would open the way to a far more stable and peaceful region. Those who fortified the imposition of democracy on the nation argued that a prosperous and democratic Iraq would cause a reduction in interstate antagonism and would be a beacon for liberal democracy in the middle-east that would inspire and pressure nearby states into liberalising, bringing further democratisation of the region. However, this credence has been criticised for being dangerous to the domino theory on the spread of international communism in the Cold War and the objective has faced, and is argued to face, many challenges. Alina Romanowski, a senior US regime civilian official in the Middle East argues

The first seminal source is The decision to bomb, an article written by Louis Morton on the decision to use the bombs. The purpose of the extract was to discuss the factors that contributed to the decision of using the bombs, published by foreign affairs by the US. As the title suggests, the extract holds a strong value to the investigation as it’s content is purely based on the decision to use the bomb, and is held up by

The purpose for this memo is to address the recent nuclear weapon testing done by Saudi Arabia. In the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) the state Saudi Arabia acceded on October 3rd, 1988. With the current decision to run nuclear weapon testing they have gone against this treaty they had previously agreed upon. Due to concern in the past about nuclear weapons being purchased from outside sources by Saudi Arabia we need to address the current problem caustically. I propose a couple alternatives to redress this issue: (1) we hold off on sending military troops into action, (2) get the current studies on the nuclear proliferation in that area, and (3) address Saudi Arabia about the reasoning for sudden nuclear weapon testing.

A multi-dimensional theoretical framework must be established in order to comprehend the full idea of nuclear weapons, deterrence, and when deciding whether the use can be justified. Researching various perspectives can assist the ethical decision making process by educating the readers on the position of the Catholic Bishops and International Relations Theory. Trying to determine the ethics of nuclear weapons requires different lenses of theoretical framework such as a realist and liberalist view that can be subcategorized into offensive and defense strategic structures. On the foundation of numerous statements such as the Catholic Bishops and various resources of International Relations, this essay will analyze the ethics of possessing

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s conquest for nuclear energy technology commenced during the 1950’s, inspired by U.S President Dwight Eisenhower’s program called “Atoms for Peace”. This program fabricated a plan in which the U.S Atomic Energy Commission would lend Iran as much as 13.2 pounds of low-enriched uranium in order to further develop their nuclear industries, including health care and medicine.i Two years following the agreement, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi established the Tehran Nuclear Research Center at the Tehran University, and the United States to arranged to supply a five-megawatt reactor. Several years later, in July of 1968, Iran signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

the conflict in the middle east between 1948-1973 was not purely fuelled by the interest and concerns of the superpowers but rather of a series of conflictual incidents, aswell as the main wars that took place from the years from 1948-1967 such as the: 1948 War, The Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur war of 1973. But although the conflict was not fuelled by the superpowers, the influence of the superpowers and the reach of the superpowers into the Middle East was evident in the years both prior and following 1978. But even despite the influence and interests of the superpowers between and including 1948-1967 being undeniably evident, the extent of this influence cannot be said to have “fuelled the conflict”.