13th Amendment

The Due Process Clause was interpreted differently by various Justices in the Court who were using different theories for understanding the Constitution. There are three major theories for Constitutional interpretation. The first is textualism, which is the theory that the “ordinary meaning” of a law should be used for its interpretation, rather than the reason it was written or the problem it was meant to solve. The second is originalism, which says that the interpretation of a law should be decided based on the original meaning or purpose the law had when it was written. The third is literalism, which is rather self explanatory and, as the name implies, means interpeting the text of a law as literally as possible. I

A landmark case that shifted the attention to due process was Miranda vs. Arizona. In this historical landmark case the Miranda Rights got there famous name from this man Ernesto Miranda. The attention shifted to due process because of the fact that Miranda pled his rights were not read to him, therefore he did not know he could not self-incriminate himself. He claimed she was coerced to giving his confession (Miranda v. Arizona). From then on the criminal justice system new they had to do something about criminals trying to flee from the law by saying their rights were not read to them. Police departments everywhere new something had to be done. Therefore the Miranda rights were born all criminals were being arrested had to be read their Miranda Rights, therefore they could not plead that their rights were not read to them that is why the Miranda Rights is an important part of the due process. It is not fair to the suspect to arrest him and not to let them know why they are being detained, or

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is commonly regarded as a major victory against racism that further advanced democracy in America. Adopted on July 9, 1868, it attempted to transform the oppressive culture of the Confederacy by granting citizenship rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States and affording equal protection under the law to all U.S. citizens. Nonetheless, in spite of aiming to put an end to discrimination against African-Americans and other minority groups, this important amendment did not entirely succeed in eradicating racism during the Reconstruction era.

The genre of “Saving the Right to Organize” would be an article. This would be a secondary source because it is an article, and it refines the primary source. The topic of this source would be that it focuses on the 13th Amendment replacing the Wagner Act on labor movements in the U.S. Percentage of U.S. workers who were unionized in 1953. A good thesis from this source would be Mark Dudzic’s words, “Articulating [worker] right[s] solely as an

1.A law that restricts a fundamental right violates substantive due process unless it promotes a compelling or overriding state interest. TRUE

Issued by Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation set all slaves, under Confederate control, free, and armed black troops for the Civil War. A year later, beginning in September of 1864, Maryland, Tennessee, Missouri, and Louisiana abolished slavery. Shortly after, approved by Congress in February of 1865 and ratified in December, the Thirteenth Amendment was official. This amendment abolished slavery throughout the entire Union, which finally freed Kentucky and Delaware slaves. The war started as a fight to preserve the Union, but the new amendment went to show that the war had shifted to a fight to end slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment resulted in the abolition of slavery permanently. Although this freedom did not mean equality. Northern African Americans had been battling for their civil rights before and after the war. They were petitioning and campaigning at the state level, and created the National Convention of Colored Men and the National Rights League at the national level. None of these had as big of an impact as when the Radical republicans in Congress got involved to help overturn the inequalities.

Argument found in 13th: 13th states a problem about our 13th amendment claiming that everyone is free to their freedom but in all reality African Americans are still being targeted and put in prisons and treated like slaves for no reason.

After the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the ensuing American Civil War all states where forced to ratify the thirteenth amendment which abolished slavery “within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” In 1870 the fifteenth amendment was passed making it unconstitutional to prohibit voters “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” While the thirteenth and fifteenth amendments made it constitution for African Americans to vote it did not prohibit states from implementing obstructions at voting booths such as poll taxes, literacy test, lineage tracking, and other qualifications. While Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine which is described as “racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities to all races.” The established doctrine of Separate but Equal was never enforced, and the cries of the neglected fell upon deaf ears until 1954, 58 years after a virtual caste system was established in the Nation of “freedom and equal opportunity” segregating everything from schools to bathrooms because of the color of your skin.

After the Civil War, America experienced a period called Reconstruction. In this period promptly taking after the Civil War, the central government pointed towards bringing together the United States again. The defiant Southerners who had battled in the Confederate military were currently compelled to join the Northerners trying to reproduce the United States. Ex-subjugated African Americans were still struggling to be treated fairly in a country which had been separated somewhat because of the point of subjection. Numerous adjustments in the legislature had occurred subsequent to the Civil War. In the months taking after the Election of 1876, however before the initiation in March 1877, Republican and Democratic pioneers subtly worked out

Following the beginning of the Civil War while Abraham Lincoln was positioned president, a strategy to preserve the Union during the Civil War allowed Blacks to fight besides whites. Thou President Abraham Lincoln always despised slavery; he knew that most of the world did not find the act of humane imprisonments abhorrent. Abating his own personal feelings and morals concerning slavery, Abraham Lincoln did not decide to push forward the abolishment of slavery at that time. As the war progressed and thousands of slaves joined the northern armies in battle in mid-1862, Abraham Lincoln was convinced that the abolition of slavery was now a sound military strategy. (__) As the war continued to use slaves in battle and successfully having won the Union Victory at the Battle of Antietam in Maryland, President Abraham Lincoln announced the

I am going to discuss how the reconstruction era prompted the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments and say what the amendments are and why they are important.

“The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were put into the Constitution to give equality to African Americans.”(Reconstruction Amendments, n.d.) Each Amendment came after each other for different reasons: 13th Amendment was made to abolish slavery, 14th Amendment stated that everyone born in the United States is a U.S citizen, and no one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due of process, and equal rights to all people, and the 15th Amendment prevents the denial of a citizen’s vote by race, color, or slavery. The amendments took place during Reconstruction(1866-1877). “This occurred after the North defeated the South in the Civil War to bring the country back together.”(Reconstruction (1866-1877), n.d.) There was debate about how much should the South be punished for leaving the North. The Reconstruction Amendments were there to fix the issue. The Reconstruction Amendments are the most important amendments because they are there to fix the problems involving the North and the South, give equal rights to African Americans, and has a lot to offer in terms of rights.

Some Americans speak of birthright citizenship as if it were an immutable law of nature.

The practice of owning other people as “property” has affected the world profoundly. Specifically in America, While the idea was not new, it lead to ways for people to justify the process of slavery. The initial excuse was that the peoples in Africa where not Christian, so it was supposedly “ok” for them to be enslaved. Then many of these newly captured peoples became Christian. Faced with no other excuse, the lawmakers had to think of a way to mask their own greed. So they made it a racial thing. They thought up a lie, so simple, that everyone actually believed it. They took up the so-called “white mans burden” to make the “inferior” people submit. Unfortunately this asinine excuse was actually thought of as fact, and people lost track of

As we can see, due process has changed our justice system from hastily-prosecution to time consuming investigation of all the facts. We should stop pre-judging the accused person until all of the facts are made known unto us. Due process has given all accused citizens an equal opportunity to tell their story, and the right to question the evidence that was brought against them. Even though due process has guaranteed the accused person his or her right to be heard