1881 Russian Pogroms

There were four elected Duma which were all dispersed by the Tsar who would find an excuse to not trust them. Once the October Manifesto and the Fundamental Laws were passed, the Tsar Nicholas II ordered the army to shoot at protestors but the army refused and took the side of the revolutionaries. These Fundamental Laws re-established the autocracy as the Tsar became more reactionary. After the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar was able to regain control the uprisings in his country. He sent the police to arrest the leader of the St. Petersburg Soviet, a Worker’s Council, Trotsky and exiled him to Siberia. The army crushed a strike in Moscow which caused 1000 deaths. The Black Hundred who were the official strikebreakers, stopped riots in different parts of Russia and murders approximately 500 Jews. Eventually, the workers lost the will to fight and started working again in order to feed their families. The split of the opposition parties turned out to be an advantage for the Tsar who was able to use this against them.

In 1905, the social and economic tensions building up within Russia boiled over into Revolution. It was described by Lenin as the “Great Dress Rehearsal” for the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and may give us clues as to why the 1917 revolution started. The suggestion that Tsar Nicholas II and his actions were to blame for this revolution is debatable and there are many factors such as the repressive Tsarist system, the growth of opposition from the time of Alexander II and the defeat in the war with Japan to consider. These events can be separated into short and long term effects on the revolution. Bloody Sunday and defeat to Japan would be short term effects whereas the

They were suffering under an asinine government and they took every opportunity to criticise it. The middle-classes were extremely unstable at this point in Russia but they were not ready for revolution. The stability of the government was erratic. It had a very narrow support base this was mainly due to that fact that it was willing to use extreme force and it sent out very anti-Semitic messages, which made it unpopular.

“The power still has to be snatched from the hands of the old rulers and handed over to the revolution. That is the fundamental task. A general strike only creates the necessary preconditions; it is quite inadequate for achieving the task itself”(Trotsky). The ineffectiveness of the strikes can be found in the fact that in nearly every occasion the soldiers were ordered to shoot on the crowd, stopping the revolts and leaving the tsar as obnoxious to the situation as before. Also the peasants in the countryside suffered land-hunger due to the growth of population caused by the decreased of mortality rates. Backwardness was also caused by the “open field system”, which didn’t motivate the peasants to improve their machinery or seeding methods since their land would be taken away from them and redistributed when a member of the community died. Nicholas II was a weak, indecisive and obstinate ruler who, being very conservative and reactionary, used extensively the secret police (“Third Section”) and the army to suppress uprisings and political enemies. He alienated the intelligentsia and angered the liberals with his lack of political participation and exaggerated reliance on the Fundamental laws, which said that the tsar was appointed by god and was rightfully in charge of the country. As a response, the liberals initiated a banquet campaign that started in November 1904, and ended in January 1905 with the aim of making the tsar give

Perhaps one of the biggest challenges facing Alexander III was political violence. Not only his predecessor, Alexander II, but also other leading political figures across Russia during the 1870s had been assassinated. People’s Will was a terrorist organisation that hoped to bring political change to Russia through revolutionary violence. They attacked leading members of local and national government. The assassination of Alexander II was merely the culmination of a nationwide campaign of violence.

About 300 people were killed, and hundreds more were wounded. As the news of "Bloody Sunday" spread, the Russian people were horrified. They responded by striking, mutinying, and fighting in peasant uprisings. The Russian Revolution of 1905 had begun” (Passage 1). He took no action when all of this was happening, but he did “after several months of chaos” (Passage 1). Czar Nicholas came up with a policy that did in fact end the Russian Revolution. He came up with the “October Manifesto,” which said that they were granted “individual right and created a Duma, or Parliament” (Passage 1). This was convincing to the Russian people and it ended the 1905 Russian Revolution. Czar Nicholas was still the absolute leader of Russia. Many people were not excited to hear this news, because he was not a great leader. He listened to the advice of his German wife that no one trusted. He also had another close companion “the

Genocides occur across our globe from the past, but also are not uncommon in the present. Holodomor was a horrible genocide in the Soviet Union from 1932-1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. This cruelty of a slow death by starving was a purposeful act by Joseph Stalin and the leaders at that time. To cease further genocides in our world today, it is imperative to know how this corruption and disaster starts, so it can be prevented in the future. By understanding the Soviet leader’s motives and the lives affected by this famine, this will lead to further comprehension about power and communism. Power corrupts those who are given the authority, infringes upon their morals, and can make them commit horrible atrocities.

The Armenian massacres of the 1890 's are an important marker in the history of humanitarian aid by the United States. Before this point, American humanitarian aid had been up to small committee efforts thrown together for an individual international crisis. During the 1890 's humanitarian reformers became more organized and elected officials began to look at the role the United States federal government could play in international humanitarian aid. (Wilson 27) At this time Protestant missionaries and Armenian nationals joined forces with former abolitionists, woman suffragists, and newspapermen to bring the condition of the Armenians to the attention of the citizens of the United States.

The pogrom violence against the Russian Jews were no pretty sight to see. However, the attacks were mainly targeted to their land and property rather than single persons. At some point the government was

In the text it says "By March 1917, disasters on the battlefield, combined with food and fuel shortages on the home front."(doc#4). This ead the democracy to collapse in march of 1917. In st. Petersburg the workers were getting mad and started to riot and fight back because of the food shortages and they

The Romanov Dynasty that ruled Russia from 1613 until 1918 was subject to the period seismic shifts of increasing connection, modernization, and technological advancement that shook the rest of Europe during the same timeframe. The Tsars of this dynasty faced this challenge directly through foreign military conquests and economic and political reformation, yet a distinctive foundational element stayed true throughout their reign. Tsars of Russia consistently used a reverence for Orthodoxy to establish a continued persecution of minority religious groups within their control. The Jews bore the brunt of this persecution as they experienced strict laws governing their rights and constant threats of violence. Tsars throughout the Romanov history acted to strengthen their Orthodoxy by punishing the Jewish population in order to drum up support for their own regimes and domestic and foreign policies.

The army officers whipped up a small party of approximately 3,000 men that gathered in Senate Square in St. Petersburg intending to remove Nikolai as Czar. Nikolai ordered the rest of the army to surround the group, and after initial attempts to disburse them peacefully, ordered artillery to be shot into the crowd. Dozens were killed or injured in the ensuing melee. The leaders that survived were either executed or exiled to Siberia. This event is now known as the __Decembrist

In the 1900’s Russia was a world superpower. But the only port, Port Vladivostok, was only accessible in the summer seasons of Russia. But Japan’s fort, Fort Arthur, was open all year long. Russia, who looking to expand out farther, asked Japan if they could use Fort Arthur for their Navy, and maritime trades. Russia even went as far as to set up a neutral buffer zone in North Korea on the 39th parallel to negotiate. Japan however misunderstood this and took it as a threat, bombing their own fort, and starting the first great war of the 20th century.

However, the aftermath led to even worse conditions for the Russian peasants and serfdom spread throughout new territories. It was not until 1861 that serfdom would finally end after Tsar Alexander II officially emancipated all serfs. He also granted lands to the newly freed serfs that were established as peasant communities. However, not all citizens were happy with the work of Alexander, and after two failed attempts, he was assassinated on March 13, 1881. He was succeeded by his son Alexander III, a Tsar that was against reform and liberation in even the smallest way. When he rose to power, he almost immediately restored the old methods practiced before, the only difference being that the serfs were still free. Alexander III’s anti-reform rule also led to acts of terror against him. One instance occurred when Alexander Ulyanov, the brother of Vladimir Lenin, was arrested and executed for planning to assassinate the tsar. This period of social and political unrest only became worse as time went on. The causes of the February Revolution peaked turmoil in Russia, and the actions and aftermath of the revolution led to the rise of the Bolsheviks and the

I find it interesting how violent Russia was during the Mid 1800s. Russia was involved in many wars during that time. even so they were still able to hold a stable economy. They would often make slaves serve in the military. But they were close to giving the their rights.