1906 Earthquakes Report

Imagine yourself home doing a couple of sets of jumping jacks but then you feel weary so you stop for a water break. You notice that you kept on bouncing but it wasn’t your body moving it was the Earth that was shaking you, an earthquake occured. Earthquakes happen when the underground continental plates move. Earthquakes can affect the Earth, people, and property. To begin with, when an earthquake happens something on Earth is most likely to change.

San Francisco, a thriving city in the early 1900s. Gaining its wealth from the gold rush that previously happened in 1849. San Francisco gained 5 billion dollars from land and gold. San Francisco was at a very good economical place, being a rapidly growing city with a large population. The earthquake, was more of a when instead of an if, meaning that the earthquake was inevitable. Of course, due to today's technology and understanding over earthquakes, we know that they were bound to happen, but in the early 1900s, they did not have this knowledge. This earthquake, and the Loma Prieta, were both earthquakes caused from the San Andreas Fault. The San Andreas fault is the fault between the Pacific and the Northern Continental tectonic plates.

Earthquakes have been recorded throughout history for thousands of years. Even before seismographs in early times, there are records and accounts of mysterious ground shaking. Earthquakes occur when rocks break along an underground fault (UPSeis, 2007). This, in return, causes vibrations through the earth which causes ground shaking. The magnitude of the shaking varies depending on how great the movement along the fault is; the greater the movement, the bigger the earthquake. Some earthquakes are huge and cause significant damage, while others are small and cause little or no damage what-so-ever. Earthquakes are unpredictable, and can happen at any time. It is uncertain where an earthquake will strike, but there is a greater risk

Fracking is helpful in that it allows one well to access more natural gas by making horizontal drilling in different directions within the same well possible. However, there have been many concerns about the environmental safety of fracking. Accusations that fracking taints local water supplies have been alleged but no substantial evidence has ever surfaced to support these complaints. More consequential reports have been made regarding the negative effect of fracking and the subsequent disposal of wastewater into the earth’s crust on the seismic activity surrounding well sites. The practice of fracking is linked to the increase in seismic activity in the midwest. Although there are faults beneath Oklahoma and there has indeed historically been seismic activity of small magnitudes never before has there been such clusters or high frequencies of earthquakes in the area, nor has

Earthquakes cause ground shaking events caused by rapid movement of falts pushing past each other. Falts, hypocenters, and epicenters are all related due to earthquakes. Falts are breaks in a rock mass that fit together perfectly with massive amounts of pressure on eachother. Most falts are locked except for very brief moments causeing earthquakes. Understanding where the earthquake originated is nessasary in messureing the scale or magnitude of the earth quake. The Hypocenter or focus is where the falts started pushing past or against eachother. The point on earths surface directly above the hypocenters is the epocenter.

An earthquake is when the ground shakes (Tremor) and separates the earth’s surface causing death, injuries and people and also families broke. These types of earthquakes are usually caused because of shift and movement of the tectonic plates which that is caused by friction and pressure.

Earthquakes are an example of seismic activity created by plate boundaries. They can be caused by the subduction of oceanic crust which is densest at 2.9 g/cm3 under continental crust which weighs 2.7g/m3 at destructive plate boundaries. Earthquakes can also occur along conservative plate boundaries such as that shared by the Pacific and North American plates which move at 5-9 cm/year and 2-3 cm/year respectively causing the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake along the San Andreas fault alongside which lies the San Gregorio and Hayward faults. Earthquakes have different impacts dependent on the location of their foci, the point at which they originate from underground, the presence of land in the surrounding areas, but also the human factors such

Earthquakes are sudden movements of a portion of the earth 's tectonic plate, which is followed by a series of vibrations. Aftershocks of similar or lesser intensity can follow the main quake, this can also be referred to as tremors. Earthquakes can be measured using data from seismometers Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and happen in irregular intervals. They can also trigger tsunamis, landslide and volcanic activity, but they are usually limited to small areas.

When the plate moves far enough, a fault unsticks, or breaks apart the edges, which causes an earthquake. Basically, earthquakes are what happens when two plates suddenly bump into one another or slide past each other, usually along a fault.

Earthquakes can make buildings crumble to the ground and pavement to crack and shift.The most damage happens to roadways,foundations,buildings,and vehicles. Earthquakes can also cause landslides to occur. At 5:04 in San francisco, a large earthquake occurred, the giants Athletes were warming up for a game against the Oakland Athletes.

The geological cause of the earthquake was the collision of two plates which caused a destructive earthquake and a tsunami. The 2011 earthquake struck Japan, along a subduction zone where two of Earth's tectonic plates collide, one plate sliding beneath another into the mantle. Energy is built through the plates sticking together, releasing the earthquakes. East of Japan, the Pacific plate dives beneath the North American plate. (LIVE SCIENCE, 2017) Japan is located in an area which is prone to earthquakes, being a seismically active nation. This is because it is situated on the

Hydraulic fracturing is the process where you inject liquid into rocks to open fissures so that you can receive the gas or oil. Fracking has been commonly used in oklahoma along with other countries. Many people argue that fracking causes earthquakes but this is wrong because it is proven that the wastewater actually causes them. The wastewater can in cases raise pressure levels. The injection rate and total volume of the injection of wastewater can affect the stress of these faults.

This paper will address how hydraulic fracturing, fracking, is likely to directly or indirectly cause earthquakes in nearby areas surrounding the injection wells. DISCUSSION The theory behind hydraulic fracturing induced earthquakes is reasonable and deserves to be respected because it is developed under very sound principles. In fracking, where large amounts of fluids are injected into the Earth, the injected fluid creates a high-pressure gradient and facilitates a smoother movement for nearby faults to cause seismic activity. (Guest, 2015) With that being said, the amount of earthquakes with a magnitude of greater than three on the Richter scale in the U.S. midcontinent has been on a fairly consistent, linear increase since 1967. However, this trend experienced a noticeable change around 2001, in which the levels of seismic activity veered off course and showed to have a exponential increase compared to previous statistics. (Ellsworth, 2013) From this increase in activity, there is a lot of speculation and research that humans have induced the extra seismic activity. One of the activities in particular that is believed to have led to the induced activity, is the process described above known as hydraulic fracturing. Although the fracking process has been used for a very long time, it is currently being related to seismicity around well location as the number of earthquakes in these areas increases. For most

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. A fault is a break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have moved past each other. When these rocks push together they release energy/ vibration. This sudden

First and foremost, the wastewater used in Fracking is the primary cause of recent earthquakes in Oklahoma. As soon as a well is deeply drilled, cased and cemented, high-pressure water compound is pumped down to fracture hard rock layers in the underground. This creates micro fractures in the rock layers and causes the faults in the formation to