1910 Human Character Change

As a result to concluding the chapter “How to Think Straight about Psychology” by Keith E. Stanovich, the infinite doors into Psychology have opened. I was immediately engaged into the history and conflicts between the continuity of previous and modern day psychology. It was astounding to find the amount of distaste, backed by modern psychologists, on the workings of Sigmund Freud, who I had recently thought to be the foundation to all psychology. However, after reading on about the diversity of psychology, it became apparent that the extensive amounts of subjects within the realm of this study, make it difficult for scientist and the overall population to agree on one unified idea. Psychology has criteria that is ever changing, but limited to the time period of discovery.

Gregor’s major transformation occurred not when he turned into a bug, but through the changes in his life. Gregor’s life before the changed into some sort of bug was like a bumble bee. He would go through life doing as others told him. In

Sigmund Freud is highly renowned psychologists known for his most controversial theories in the history of psychology. He is also believed to be the father of modern psychiatry and psychology. His works are read widely and are criticized as well. He has left behind numerous theories regarding human mind and behavior out of which some are commonly accepted and some are widely debated. The question after that arises now is “Why did Freud’s theories get many criticisms?”

When Gregor transformed into a bug many of his physical appearances changed. Gregor could really only lay on his back and it was difficult to do anything because he had short stubby arms and legs. “Instead of these, however, he had only small limbs which were incessantly moving with very different motions and which, in addition, he was unable to control” (Kafka 140). When his mother wanted to talk to him he refused because he didn't want her to see what he has transformed too. Another reason why is because Gregor was unable to get up to open the door and when he finally could get up he didn't have hands to unlock it so he had to use his mouth. Gregor then had a hard time getting through the door because of his large and the weird shape of his body. He wasn't a human anymore so he had to figure out a way to get through the door. “But to continue was difficult, particularly because he was so unusually wide” (Kafka 140). Before all this happened Gregor was a traveling salesman, this was a good job and he was able to pay for lots of the family's bills and he

Psychology explores human behavior and the human mental process figuring ways to improve the thinking and attitude of an individual’s existence. Sometimes, different techniques are used and tried to properly resolve the problem within the multitude of possible behavioral issues. Moreover, Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed many theories, psychodynamic therapy, for clinically treating people with mental health problems through their unconscious mind; Then, Sigmund Freud’s theories or therapy, rather, diverged into other types of therapies such as Biological Psychology or Cognitive Psychology. No doubt, there are various perspectives, both strong and weak, in the field of Psychology using different techniques on different

The turn of the 20th century brought about a massive shift in society. It was the end of the Victorian era, marked by Queen Victoria’s death in 1901, leaving the world at free range to develop a new social construct. With change sprouting up in all aspects of life, new ideas were being explored in the visual, performing, and literary arts. The early 1900’s marked a shift in literary focus. The surrealist movement began in literature in the late 1890s. These types of readings were inspired by psychology and intended to be shocking. Literature dove into topics it had never previously explored. Willa Cather’s short story, “Paul’s Case: A Study in Temperament”, published in 1905, explored very heavy topics like human nature and mental illness,

There was no specific cause that made Gregor to transform into this because before this random occurrence, he was a working as a traveling salesman. When he did turn though, he was turned into a type of bug that could be described as a dung beetle or a cockroach. Throughout The Metamorphosis, Gregor had trouble with his new body. It describes that at first he had trouble

over time, due to psychologists coming to light in the modern world. This essay will also

Undoubtedly Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He was an influential thinker of the early twentieth century who elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system and the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression and he proposed tripartite account of the mind ‘s structure, all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions. Freudian approach can be

Psychologist, psychoanalyst, doctor of medicine, and author, Sigmund Freud’s contributions to the world of science and psychology were far from limited. The self and widely regarded scientist was born in Friedberg in 1856 where he lived before moving to Vienna, Germany, where he would later produce founding revelations at the birth of psychology as a science. From his beginnings, Freud focused on psychopathology and the conscious mind (Jones, 1949). The renowned “Father of Psychoanalysis” created a pathway and a foundation for psychology, influencing the world of psychology from its birth to modern day practice. Freud’s delve into the unconscious, dreams, psychosexual development, and the id, ego, and super-ego, are just a limited number of his studies that greatly influenced numerous psychologists and theories of modern psychology. One of his earliest practices and most accredited work dealt with psychoanalysis specifically. Though this practice is seldom used in modern psychology in the treatment of psychological disorders, it assuredly carried great influence in the development of modern practices of psychological theories. Freud’s creation of psychoanalysis exceeded his professional career, influencing modern psychologists and theories, one specifically being ego psychology, that was founded in the mid 20th century of modern

This contrast is the most powerful symbol of his power after the metamorphosis, and provides the reader with a vivid image of Gregor’s situation. His description of his lack of power is further supported by his inability to convey his dissatisfaction with the way Grete enters the room. This builds up the sympathy for Gregor by, in effect, comparing him to a handicapped person. In addition his action of adapting to the circumstances by hiding under the sofa when she comes in symbolizes his primitive instinct is still with him, and he is not completely handicapped.

“A trailblazer of modern-day psychology,” Sigmund Freud presented new ways of thinking about human nature, pioneered new techniques of understanding human behavior, and created the most comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed (Himmat, 1997).

To begin, Kafka’s famous short story, The Metamorphosis, uses Sigmund Freud’s oedipal complex to divulge the true psyche behind the main character Gregor, as well as, Gregor’s familial relationships. In short, the oedipal complex, a pivotal stage in the normal developmental process, describes a child's phallic stage in which they desire sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and in conjunction, experience the fear of castration, the state of being deprived of vitality or power, from the rival parent keeps the child from enacting upon their desire. (Freud) Gregor can be assumed to have regressed into a phallic stage of psychological development by the descriptive repetition mentioning “his pitifully thin”, “little legs”. (“The” 11, 15, 22, 24, 48, 49) This can be concluded due to the fact that Freudian premises suggest that images which exceed their diameter in length are considered symbols of phallucy. (Freud) There is an emphasis placed on this detail by repetition, as Kafka uses Gregor’s newly transformed legs almost as a description of his character. Phallus is seen as the presence of power by Freud. Most compellingly, Kafka offers an oxymoron by branding this source of power as “thin and little”. By doing this, Kafka suggests the weakness of Gregor’s character, easily to be compared with the father by the reader. This is a crucial detail, because not only does Kafka use the oedipal complex to expose familial relationships but, rather he adds upon

At the age of 40 in 1896, Sigmund Freud introduced the world to a new term- psychoanalysis (Gay 1). Psychoanalysis is a method of treating patients with different nervous problems by involving them in dialogues which provide the physician with insight into the individual’s psyche. These dialogues provided the basis for Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which “attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges” (Weiten 363). Part of this theory involves the structure of the mind. This is a concept that touches

The first part is an exposition of Sigmund Freud’s aesthetic theory. This discussed the beginning of Freud’s perception of art as an escape to reality. However, of all the works of art, Freud give high regard to literature for it forms some kind of apprehension what exactly it is unlike those of paintings that affirmatively can evoke an effect or a feeling but it does not have the sense of apprehension in it. It is also in this part that Freud’s formulation that a poet is regulated by both the fantasy and reality as he proposes the “first poet” and the “second poet”. In the second part of the part of the chapter, discuss the three-fold personality structure of personality, the id, the ego, and the super-ego. The id is the seat of the unconscious, it comprises of the desires and the wishes that are seeking for fulfillment, and it primarily conforms to the pleasure principle. The ego is the rational conscious part. It acts as the intermediary between the super-ego and the id as well as strive for the fulfillment of the demands of the id, the super-ego, and the reality. Unlike the id the ego is regulated by the reality principle. And the super-ego is developed with the help of the external influences that which is taken from the other people - external authority. It mainly concerns on the operation of man in the society. And on the latter part, it states that an art is produced with the influence of the three-fold personality structure. The id is the source of inspiration, the ego gives an art a unity and the super-ego makes an art to be a form of sublimation. The last part of the second chapter is the two mental functioning. The primary process conforms to the id while, the secondary process serves as a guide to the ego. These two are related to the pleasure and reality principle, respectively. Any work of art is working towards the reconciliation of the pleasure and reality