1950's DNA Research

This paper explores the history and some interesting facts about DNA. The last couple centuries have seen an exponential growth in our knowledge of DNA. The history of the DNA can be traced back to multiple devoted scientist. This article attempts to summarize, and review the basic history of DNA while providing some fascinating information about it.

1) Watson and Crick: Used Rosalind Franklin’s x-rays of DNA to conclude that DNA took the shape of a double helix.

In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. They determined that the structure of DNA was a double helix structure. Each DNA strand containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. They also discovered that DNA replicated itself by unzipping into individual strands, Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science, how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to

On February 28, 1953, James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick, Scientists of Cambridge University made a breakthrough announcement for the Science and Medical Field. They had grasped the structure of DNA, the molecule which contains human genes.

In 1953, two scientists were officially able to announce their discovery of the chemical structure of DNA. James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick discovered that the structure of DNA was that of a double-helix shape and also this had led them to uncover the method in which DNA replicates itself. Though DNA was actually discovered in 1869, the significance of it and its secrets were not uncovered until 1953. The discovery that was officially announced on April 25th, 1953 “revolutionized the study of biology and medicine”. Their discovery led to almost immediate advances in screenings, tests, and treatments in medicine.

n the early 1950’s, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins stumbled upon a detailed understanding into the structure of DNA. This is very far from what we would expect from the cohesion of such different people; a bird biologist, an expert in coal structure, a nuclear physicist, and a designer of underwater mines. They used their own understandings, and the ones of many different researchers to find out how traits are passed down to offspring, among all living things.

The discovery of the DNA double helix is known to be accredited to James Watson and Francis Crick. Watson describes the events that led up to the discovery in his book The Double Helix. Although they both have put in a significant amount of time and work to find the structure of DNA, one individual who was key to putting their pieces together was Rosalind Franklin. Considering Franklin’s efforts and contributions to the X-ray diffraction images of DNA, which have helped Watson and Crick with their model building and discovery of the DNA double helix, Watson fails to give credit where credit is due.

The discovery of the structure of DNA has always been associated with Watson and Crick. Their double helix structure, which they developed in 1983, has been used as a model to understand how DNA self-replicates (Karp, 2009). The structure of DNA is made up of covalent bonds between 4 unique nucleotide bases. These bases bind together via complementary base pairing, therefore allowing Adenine to only bind with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine (Penn State, Ebery College of Science, 2016). The use of covalent bonds makes the structure strongly

The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within cells. In short order, their discovery yielded ground-breaking insights into the genetic code and protein synthesis. During the 1970s and 1980s, it helped to produce new and powerful scientific techniques, specifically recombinant DNA research, genetic engineering, rapid gene sequencing, and monoclonal antibodies, techniques on which today 's multi-billion dollar biotechnology industry is founded. Major current advances in

Throughout time, practices in archeology have evolved with the progress of technology. Archeology has adapted specialized tools and processes while utilizing new discoveries to aid understanding of the past. One significant advancement is the discovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The discovery of DNA has greatly enhanced our ability to analyze ancient remains and interpret the findings within the field of archeology. To fully demonstrate the impact that DNA has brought to the field of archeology it is important to understand the historical discovery of DNA and initial integration into the field of archeology, the use in present day archeology, the advancements and refinements of DNA testing, and the future applications of DNA testing within the field of archeology.

DNA is one of a class of molecules called nucleic acids. Nucleic acids were originally discovered in 1868 by Friedrich Meischer, a Swiss biologist, who isolated DNA from pus cells on bandages. This is kind of disgusting if you ask me. I would never in my life even think or have the curiosity about what was on those Band-Aids. He suspected that it contained DNA; however he could not confirm it. James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin discovered that DNA had a double-helix structure in 1953. They all had received the Nobel Prize in 1962 except for Rosalind Franklin because by this time she had already passed at the age of 37. While they were all scientists, Rosalind Franklin was the only one that actually had a degree in chemistry (Chemistry Heritage). Many people have different opinions about Rosalind. Some people think that she was the

double helix structure. Each DNA molecule is a polymer made up of recurring nucleotides. Each

At the 1950s Rosalind Franklin was the first woman to obtain an excellent DNA photography using x-ray diffraction. With this photograph she was able to deduce the distribution and distance of the atoms that make up the DNA. Then Janes Watson and Francis Crick had in mind several models of the DNA molecule, but having no type of description they did not know which model was the correct one; The photograph of Franklin was key for Watson and Crick to conclude that the DNA model should have a double helix structure, they also calculated the exact distances between the atoms and the chains that make up the DNA. This provided answers to many questions about genetics background.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, was first discovered by Johann Mieschere, a Swiss biologist, in 1869. He made the discovery while studying the nuclei of leukocytes, however the greater significance of this molecule and its structure would not be known until 1951. At that time, scientists did not know the function of DNA, let alone the structure. It was believed that the structure of the mysterious molecule would help uncover its true function. The structure of DNA was solved by James Watson and Francis Crick at the University Of Cambridge, England. They deduced that DNA was made up of chains of nucleotides with one of the four different bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine on the inside and its phosphate backbone on the outside, thus creating the double helix. This discovery could be considered the single most important finding that gave rise to the study of heredity and gene expression. However, Watson and Crick could not have revealed the three-dimensional structure of DNA without the previous contributing research conducted by Erwin Chargaff, Phoebus Levene, and Rosalind Franklin.

Many genetic studies leading up to the start of the human genome project include some of the first research done on the structure of human DNA: In 1952, Rosalind Franklin created Photograph 51 using X-ray crystallography: the first evidence of DNA’s helical structure. Using this evidence, in 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to model the true structure of DNA as a double helix with sugars and phosphates forming the backbone and the base pairs A-T and C-G pointing inward to the center. They also showed in their model that the base pairs are connected by hydrogen bonds and that the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions but are parallel (Genome unlocking life’s…).