19th and 20th Century of Europe

As we continue to unfurl into the 20th century, we leave behind the bevy of constraints previously placed upon us by the Victorian ideals by the 19th century. What will the future look like for Americans, for ALL Americans? As I hear all of you speak here at Polly’s, I am emboldened, for if our, admittedly nascent, community here in Greenwich Village is any indication, the future looks bright. We may have differences in opinion on what issues deserve the most attention for reform, be it labor concerns, woman suffrage, or the suffocating and liberal social structuration of our country, but we are all asking the right questions and questioning the right authorities. It

The European Feudal system was developed around the twelfth century. It was developed as a way for the poor and lower class people to be protected from the incoming viking and barbarian invasions. This system offered something to the people that they could never achieve by themselves. It was a completely beneficial system, meaning that everyone involved received advantages from it. The main groups of people involved were the King, then the Nobles or Barons, then the Knights, and then finally the Pheasants.

Diamond’s arguments that parts of the world developed more quickly than others based on plant and animal availability for domestication, and the advantage of an east/west continental axis seem to hold some merit in explaining the roots of the “Great Divergence”. The Great Divergence is the period (around the 19th century) when Western Europe outpaced other parts of the world in terms of growth in technological, political, and economic development.

In the 17th century our economy had been excessively reliant on external markets and capital. During that time our economy was colonial. Our investments had first come from France and then Britain. Growth was established on exports of natural resources like furs, fish, lumber, wheat, and minerals, while our imports were of manufactured goods. By the 19th Century, our Canadian economy started to reconstruct from colonial to a continental one. In the 1840s, Britain withdrew from the Commercialism systems that have given priority to imports from the colonies, including Canada. In return, Canada looked to the south for new markets. An agreement between Canada and the US was signed in 1854 and came into

The eighteenth century brought great transitional change, as America dealt with government conflicts, the War of 1812, and the political elections which brought Andrew Jackson to national prominence. In the midst of these happenings, significant changes arose for the women in the eighteenth century, as they appealed to create differences in their status and lives. Equality is considered as a given right, but this was not always the case in history. The conventional organization of the family was considered as men expected to make their living in the competitive world of the marketplace, while women took care of their children in the sheltered environment of the home. Even prior to the eighteenth century, women did not obtain much freedom, as society was ruled with a patriarchal mindset. Whether it was in politics, church governance, or simply hierarchical status, men were always categorized above women. “Men viewed women with distrust, perhaps intuiting the impossible polarity this would create in their lives, and that it would ask decisions of them which they could not imagine taking.” This leads to the posed questions: Why were women initially closed off from having independent rights? How did women combat against these limited obligations and expand their status? Changes and implications were clearly made by women to declare their existence and importance in society. Breaking free from the conventional male dominated society, women assembled together to endorse changes

In contrast to an area with tropical areas and isolated countries with a lower population, Europe’s much larger population allows it to expand and exceed its limits of trade and farming. This division of labor allowed them to complete work more efficiently and quickly, allowing the economy to prosper with the fast production rates and easily outdo its rivaling countries and continents. This improvement of production allowed them to trade quicker and more easily and better spread their influence throughout the rest of the

Prior to taking this course, my understanding how the world functioned before the 18th century was vague. There were a few topics I knew a bit about; however, not enough to write a scholarly work on. That being said, I was like one of the bystanders watching the fight as it unfolded. I could only make an analysis on what I knew and that was not a lot. The knowledge gained so far from this course truly opened my eyes why many of the world’s institutions existed, or existed to this day. For example, much was known about the cash crop known as cotton and the impact it had on America, but what was not known was how it truly circulated throughout the world and in essence, made the world go ‘round. Yes, cotton was a driving force which helped set up the America’s market. Moreover, it also did the same for the creation of, what historians call, the “global economy”. The Atlantic Slave Trade affected so many nations and people outside of the western hemisphere, that it is only right to have an adequate understanding as to how this transformative process came into full effect. Truthfully, it is very elementary to believe the world did not already have trade routes set up prior to the insurgence of plantation slavery.

Change is something that a group of people will always try to achieve. Common themes involved with change are cultural, societal, industrial, economic, political so on and so forth. These are the themes or topics people usually try to reform or make a difference in somehow. Movements to affect these aspects of life may be started by a group of indigenous people, innovative people or upper class people and are usually started to better lives. The 19th century held many movements and revolutions trying to affect these kinds of themes in society. Movements such as the Industrial Revolution, Mexican Revolution and Nazism brought about change but didn’t diminish differences in people nor brought about social justice.

With the culture in the later fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries many of the European gained a lot of new resources just like china an Africa. But Europe did increase their population that did give them great benefits from the Columbian Exchange. Population growth headed to foundation and building of empires like the Ottoman Empire. . As Prince Henry the Navigator was part of the slavery and gold trade the made Africa also gained new resources. Although the Columbian exchange made have had their rise to a part of African history, the slave trade. The Aztec Worship was hated so much by the people with the human sacrifices they like the fact of losing so much of their people. The Americans increased more assets and tools at an awful price.

For the first time since the fall of Rome, the cities of Europe were no longer inactive and declining. With major development in the field of agriculture, Europe saw larger populations and the resources needed to maintain them. The money gained from these new resources and the taxation from the growing populations allowed for the state to invest in luxury items and institutions, creating the beginning of a middle class and a population of skilled laborers. Although this brought people into larger, more centralized towns and cities, the people reached an important divide; because they no longer worked the land, they became decent on the city's markets for their food supply. To cope, many people who were skilled in trade, worked in food preparation

After reading about both Dunn’s Patterns of Change model and Smith Johnston’s three frameworks, I would like to combine the two in my teaching career. Using Dunn’s culturally inclusive model combined with Smith Johnston’s frameworks I feel like students could get the culturally inclusivity in a package that is easy to comprehend. I like the idea of breaking world history into themes, however they need to be expressed in historical context. There needs to be information given as to time frames within the themes, otherwise students will have a no concept of when events

For more of the period between 1500-1850, European economies was locked into this framework of limited growth. The organic economy could not provide sufficient access to energy to perpetuate industrial processes and growth. By the early 18th century, areas in Europe continents was clearly advanced enough to feel the pinch of environmental limitations, yet neither was able to tranced them. So why did Europe achieve economic dominance? The European agricultural advantage wasn’t at feeding its people. Rather, it was at allowing its people to move outside of agricultural, and beyond a world limited by the restraints on agricultural work.

To begin with a demographic transition is basically the changes that occur within a society’s population whereby these are changes from high levels of crude birth and death rates with a low rate of natural increase to lower levels of crude death and birth rates yet still having a low rate of natural increase and having a higher total population, and all of these changes that occurs goes back to either developments in economy or changes in standard of living. Now as we all know each and every country has once experienced and witnessed changes in their population either having transformations in favor of the population or the opposite thus causing many disadvantages to the population. This process of the transition consists

The early western world benefitted from revenues from trading European products to the Eastern countries (Pomeranz, 2000). High earnings obtained from trading with eastern countries and sales of slave established seven percent profit per annum, which is a “relatively high rate of return considering the high rate of depreciation on pre-industrial capital stocks, which limited the amount of savings and capital accumulation”, stated Pomeranz (2000). Many theories suggest that the Great Divergence occurred as a result of trade development from Europe to Asia, which later on became the main factor of the New World. As, Pomeranz (2000) stated, “the greatest significant advantage for Europe was the vast amount of fertile, uncultivated land in the North America which could be used to grow large quantities of farm products required to sustain European economic growth and allowed labour and land to be freed up in Europe for industrialization.” A great example of this is how England saved approximately 23-25 million acres of agricultural space by importing goods such

Firstly, classical and modern theory support the decremental in mortality is resulted by the reduction of infectious disease. Secondly, classical and modern demographic transition have similar sequences and stages. It begin from the first stage which is characterized by the high rate of fertility and mortality and ends with the low rate of fertility and mortality rate. Still in classical, it also has several opinions regarding its connection between human and economic development. Initially, both views acknowledge on the importance of human and economic development attainment. Besides, classical and contemporary demographers consider that urbanisation as an influential role in demographic transition