2.07 Video Analysis

link between the 3 cultures is the fact that they all seem to exceed the age of 100. Buettner

Lastly the nation's dimension of culture in action is expressed as a monochronic culture because the people of the nation are always on a time schedule for work, when to be indoors for the night, and when to be in the courtyard for meeting from the capitol. The monochronic culture comes out again in Panem when the people have to constantly be prepared and focused on on when the next games begin.

One of the components of figurative language is idioms. Idioms are one of the most often utilized figures of speech in everyday life in every language. Idioms, as a linguistic component of every language, represent concepts of material life specific to a culture. Moreover, as Newmark (1988) puts it, idiomatic expressions are considered as one of the most challenging problems in the process of translation from one language to another.

What is the definition of “culture” from lecture ? First, define; then elaborate using other course concepts.

Monochromic cultures tend to be focused on the schedule, on doing one thing after another. Usually in sequence. Western cultures are very monochronic, particularly, countries like the United States, Switzerland, and Germany. For instance, it is common for people from these cultures to schedule a day full of meetings. Agendas ending promptly and moving to the next meeting one right after the other. This approach does not work well in the east and Middle East regions, where culture is polychronic. The sequential approach can send the wrong message and often offend the people from polychronic cultures. Focusing on the schedule, the wrong message can be sent and misunderstanding can result. Differently, polychronic time orientation is very practical plan on doing more than one thing at the time. Polychromic individuals will take the time to build the relationship, and expect people to do the same for them. They plan on doing multiple things at one time.

According to Benedict, it is not important to stress what sets culture and individual apart. It is important to concentrate on what it is that brings them together, "It is always a give-and-take. The problem of the individual is not clarified by stressing the antagonism between culture and the individual, but by stressing their mutual reinforcement" (253).

It represents an associative way of thinking, which gives attention to the relations among objects and among the objects and the surrounding context (). Holistic timing, focus on future goal or ambitions that are based on past experiences or evaluations. Mo Wang gives an example of holistic time, which he states, In Chinese culture, one specifies the date in order of year, month, and day, in which the year and month provide a context for the day. This may suggest that in denoting time, the Chinese consider the broader context more important compared with Americans (). This example shows how the East Asian concept of time is much broader, when compared to the North American Analytical concept of time. The main goal and aspiration for those who practice holistic timing is to incorporate a uniformed society that engages with historical dates and future events. Knowledge gained in holistic societies is gained through ones’ experience rather than applying abstract concepts or regulations. In conclusion, holistic thinking can be found in East Asian culture and past Asian historical cultural

People around the world value and manage time in their own way. There is a vast difference on the basis of the way they manage and view time like few are task oriented others value relationships more. They differ even though the cultures are in close proximity to each other. Monochromic people tend to do one particular thing at a time while polychromic people tend to handle multiple things at the same time. Monochronic culture is mostly followed in the western countries like America, Germany, Europe while in many parts of Asia, Africa and Latin America Polychronic cultures is followed.

Controlling the fire, Egyptian pyramids, the invention of electricity, the computer, the internet or traveled to the moon are some of the most important events of humankind history. It is obvious that these traits have not emerged in a single day instead they are an outcome of a long process which is called ratchet effect. In the history of humankind, cumulative culture has been thought of as a key factor in this development process. Although a considerable amount of study has been published on culture and cumulative culture in humans or non-humans, there is still empty room for further research in determining the mechanisms of cumulative culture.

The high context culture is a polychromic culture such as the Latin Americans and Arabs, which is a culture that has toleration for many simultaneous happenings with a focus on many things at once. However, the low context culture or the monochromic culture such as the cultures of Switzerland, Germany and the United States is such that time is linearly experienced. Communication in the high-context culture by the individual from a low-context culture can be very confusing. For example the culture of the Arabs is such that they are quick to make themselves heard and friendship, honor and hospitality are the building blocks of communication. The Arabs are what are known as 'high contact' in their communications and time is reported as being priority in the process of communication. (Sepehri, 2011)

“Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people, including both material and symbolic elements, that acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next.”(Ferris, K.-Stein, J., 2014, page 96) I would summarize this chapter in two words-culture expansion. Let me talk about the chapter and then it may make more sense. I had an idea in my head about how I defined culture; race, dress, rituals and different languages. This chapter has expanded my mind and allowed me to learn about the true meaning of culture. As defined by the textbook, “culture is the entire way of life of a group of people”(Ferris, K.-Stein, J., 2014, page 77). This chapter discusses symbolic and material cultures, showing

First, some common definitions of translation and idiom, characteristics and types of idioms will be investigated. Next, the researcher will discuss strategies of

An idiom is a phrase or a fixed expression that has a figurative or sometimes literal meaning. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning. There are thousands of idioms, occurring frequently in all languages. Idioms are the essences of language that produce in the process of people’s daily life, which include the unique and strong ethnic cultural meaning. Some of them are brief; others will be vivid or meaningful. They have various meanings including proverbs，allusions and phrases. They have special forms and the certain collocations and the settled semantic meanings.

Everyone has had a culture shock in their lifetime. Culture shock does not only occur overseas when traveling to another country to visit or to live, but it could also be in a new state or a new city, at a new school or workplace, among new extended family members, or being in any new environment. According to Condon and Yousef (2017), “Culture Shock is a multifaceted experience resulting from the stress associated with entering a new culture” (Condon & Yousef, 2017, pg. 403). Everyone adapts in a different way to a new life and a new beginning, and it could be hard at first before anyone can get use to it. I will explain the circumstances surrounding the new culture and the reason for my trip/experience, the stages of culture shock present in my experience of the new culture, how I coped with the culture shock, and how I might cope with the culture shock in a healthier way in the future.

To analyze and identify the challenges a student can face while learning pragmatics in an ELT classroom.