2.2 Flavonoid in Pharmaceutical Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, fulfilling many

Compared to diabetic control rats, total antioxidant levels were significantly increased in GTE supplemented rats. Inversely, malondialdehyde levels and AT(1) receptor were significantly lower in the GTE supplemented diabetic group [77]. Catechin and its derivatives in green tea are shown to be therapeutically very effective.

Herbal medicine is the use of natural plant substances to treat and prevent illness. Throughout America herbalism is not deemed “scientific” by most regulations but herbalists and few medical professionals argue that with the right knowledge of the use and effects of using herbal remedies could possibly be safer to use and deemed supplementary beneficial. It is time to delve deeper into the process of herbal medicines and more specific details on the healing processes. There is no denying that the evolution of medicine has come a long way through the use of science and manufacturing, but where did it all begin?

Results from Molinspiration: With the help of ‘Canonical SMILES’ of phytochemicals taken from PubChem, virtual screening was performed. All the phytochemicals which followed the Lipinski’s rule of five were shortlisted, as shown in Table.9

There are other beneficial or possibly beneficial alkaloids produce by the Daffodil are lycorine, galanthine, and haemanthamine of more than 20 that are produced by the Daffodil. (Enna and Norton) “While research suggests that two of the daffodil alkaloids, lycorine and haemanthamine, halt the proliferation of certain types of cancer cells, further work is needed to define the clinical significance of this finding.” (Enna and Norton) While Lycorine and haemanthamine could further the fight cancer it maybe a moot

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side

Health promotion and cure diseases by using food products is renowned.Nutraceuticals are for the prevention and treatment of the disease and also for medical and health benefits.The world health market has been flooded with nutraceuticals.Alone gingerol produce toxic changes in kidney,liver,crop and proventriculus.For pain management,we have discovered a number of useful herbal derived agents.Usage of herbs can improve the liver and kidney functions.Nutraceuticals helps in the diseases like cardiovascular ,diabetes,parkinson and hypertension.the term nutraceuticals was discovered by Dr.stephen Defelice in 1989.Nutraceuticals have great importance because of their therapeutic and nutritional effects.Diet is rated more highly to maintain or achieving

One of the most explicit illustrations of poly-pharmacology in dietary phyto-nutrient is Curcumin. One can consider curcumin as an ideal candidate for preventive therapeutic action in cancer as a sole agent or in combination with traditional therapies, because of its ability to target multiple number of signaling pathways relevant to cancer [168,169].

In recent years much research is focused on the development of herbal medicines which offer exemplary source for drug discovery [3]. Despite remarkable advances made in the management of diabetes by the use of synthetic drugs, there has been a renewed interest in medicinal plants because generally they do not elicit any side effects. Dill (Anethum graveolans L.) aerial parts have a renewed interest in medicinal plants because generally they do not elicit any side effects.

Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA), a well-known Chinese herbal, (‘Bai-Shao’ in Chinese) has been widely used in Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. It is made from the root of P. lactiflora after boiling in water and peeling off the bark (China Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2010). Its constituents have been recognized as valuable traditional herbal medicines used for the treatment of diseases with a long history in TCM (Fang et al., 2009). Empirical evidence suggests that various peony root preparations have broad therapeutic benefits for pain, muscle spasm, inflammation, menstrual dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disorders, stroke (Wu 1985; Wu et al. 2010; Guo et al.2012). These therapeutic benefits are believed to be mainly derived from its major constituents that possess multiple pharmacological properties, in particular neuroprotective effects. To date, more than 15 constituents have been identified from this Chinese herbal material, including the isomers paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF), are the main representative monoterpene glycosides (structures see Fig. 1).

The infusion of the aerial parts has been reported to be used to manage non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, for the relief of stomach ache and to treat dysentery (5). The plant extract has also been reported to have antitumor and anticarcinogenic activity (6). As a con-

Two flavanone derivatives, norartocarpanone (1) and euchrenone a7 (2) had been isolated for the first time from the methanol extract of the wood of Morus nigra.The structure of these compounds were determined base on spectral evidence, including UV, IR, and NMR. The first compound also confirmed by comparison with the reported data. Cytotoxic properties of these compounds were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells. Euchrenone a7 (2) was found more cytotoxic than norartocarpanone (1) with their IC50 7.8 and 12.7 g/mL respectively.

Most of the drugs available today are from plant origin, which can avoid not only side effects but also multiple steps in the synthesis of chemical compounds. It is the oldest form of health care known to mankind which is reported in herbal pharmacopoeia. Along the lines, we have identified that one of the Sophora family members (Sophora flavescens) has shown to arrest the cell cycle and inhibit the angiogenesis by down regulating the expression of VEGF. Sophora family members are distributed across the world and they showed to have many pharmacological actions. To identify and characterize the antiangiogenic compounds present in the Sophora family members, we have collected S. interrupta, from the Tirumala hilltop areas of Tirupati, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. The roots of this plant are crushed into a fine powder and the presence/absence of phytochemical constituents in various solvent phases was validated. Results showed that SEA extract are not only positive for terpenoids and alkaloids but also showed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of phytoconstituents has shown to reduce the risk of blood vessel associated cancer. It suggests that the compounds present in the SEA extract can serve as a powerful physiological effects that make them useful as phytomedicine. However, there is no such secondary metabolites from S. interrupta or their allied species are documented. In search of antiangiogenic

Herbs have been used to treat various diseases since centuries. Nowadays, 80% of the world’s population uses herbal medicinal products (HMP’s) [1]. As increasing number of consumers are persuaded by the benefits of plant extracts as an alternative to chemically derived active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), HMP’s have to meet comparable standards concerning the assessment of efficacy, safety and bio pharmaceutical quality as chemically defined synthetic drugs. The pharmaceutical quality of HMP’s is not well documented due to complex composition of herbal drug preparations, extensive metabolism of their constituents and resulting analytical difficulties [2]. The biopharmaceutical characterization of the product depends on the solubility and permeability and dissolution behaviour of herbal formulation [4].

IThe potential therapeutic properties of T. arjuna have been reported extensively in traditional medicine system and have been evaluated by various in vitro and preclinical studies with the aim of characterising various pharmacological activities (Table 2). Some studies have reported that the saponin glycosides content of T. arjuna might be responsible for the inotropic effects, while the flavonoids provide free antioxidant activity as well as vascular strengthening, conforming the pleiotropic actions of T. arjuna (Figure 3). Although, voluminous data is available from the various preclinical experiments on T. arjuna, but a unifying hypothesis that accounts for its biological activity and targets are still unidentified and under discussion.

Medicinal plants are frequently used in traditional medicine to treat different disease condition all over world. The knowledge about this traditional medicine system has been significantly helping to develop more and more effective treatment options to cure disease without or least side effects. The ongoing process of finding new bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical and medicinal need, requires continues optimization. As per current novel drug molecule discovery practice one new molecule is found from the screening of 10000 natural products. The biologically active natural substances have played an important role in discovery of new beneficial chemical entities. A traditional plant which is used since decades, having multiple therapeutic use known as "Musa Paradisiaca L" belonging to family Musaceae. It provides a important source of carbohydrate (food) all over the world. Commonly it is used to treat some disorders such as diarrhoea, diabetes, uraemia, hypertension, nephritis, gout, cardiac disease. Around the world there are more than 100 common name used for Musa Paradisiaca but in most of the regions known as "Banana". More than 70 species have been identified of it. According to the study almost all parts it is having some kind of therapeutic activity. Here we are