2.3 Cognitive, Social And Emotional Issues . 2.3.1 Cognitive

As vital organ of vision, the eye, allows us to learn more about the world around us more than any other organ or senses. Sight, the physical sensory experience and vision, the metaphysical concept of how our brain interprets images both work harmoniously and play a huge role in our everyday lives. However, almost a billion people are either blind or visually impaired simply due to not having a pair of glasses. Being able to lead people in the direction of good vision is what developed my interests.

Although its intention was to nourish our minds with an instant unlimited source of valuable information, the internet has caused some people to lose their appreciation for long texts and their ability to concentrate. Within the essay, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” by Nicholas Carr, the author feels that someone has been tinkering with his brain and that he can no longer enjoy reading a book of any length because he cannot sustain concentration on the book (Carr 1). This is a result of the fact that when people use the internet to find information, they habituate themselves to skim along the lines to quickly allocate their answers and once they have gotten what they needed, they close the browser without any further analysis of the information.

Students may easily lose their attention and concentration with easy access to such incredibly rich store of information. With such new technologies as television, internet and social networks, people nowadays tend to multitask more often as they have easy access to large amount of information. However, such easy access may sometimes be a distraction. Study report “Your Brain on Computers” shows that heavy multitaskers perform up to 20% worse on most tests compared to performance of light multitaskers. Working efficiency of people, who multitask, are claimed to be significantly lower. The same is with concentration. As a result, they are not engaged in working process. Students tend to be easily distracted with this situation. For example, combining doing homework with operating on Twitter, phone or YouTube results in poor engagement of a student into deep thinking process, according to Winifred Gallagher, who is the author of Rapt. He also points out that nowadays high school and college students have decreased capacity of serious thinking because of multitasking and distraction. Moreover, Tyler Cowen, economist and famous blogger, claims that nowadays information tends to come in shorter and smaller portions and that explains why our generation encourages short reading. Since online information is always presented in short written passages, the web prevents user from concentration and contemplation. As an illustration, Nicholas Carr, the speaker at MIT and Harvard,

Now recent years, navigability has become the axis of website designs. Existing mechanism haveproblem into two types. The major is to assess and measure a website’s navigability in contrast to a set of principles. Another is to

A sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. Feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Panic Disorder. Anxiety. Depression. These mental illnesses affect millions around the world. They can trigger physical illnesses, hallucinations, and even death. Nevertheless across the globe, there is yet to be recognition for how serious these mental illnesses are. Within Australia, one in five citizens will experience some form of a mental illness during their lifetime. That means that there are people in this room that have or will experience one of the diseases. However, it’s likely they won’t be recognised as physically being ill.

This course introduces effective Web design principles and the essential role of the Web designer in today's business environment. Topics covered include site architecture, page layout, navigation, content, functionality, and usability. Students will evaluate existing Web sites and apply best practices to prototype a unique design using a Web authoring application.

Attempts to define “emotion” have proved to be rather difficult. Instead of searching for a comprehensive definition, Gross (2011) describes the three core features of emotions. First, emotions occur when an individual decides that a situation is relevant to his or her goals. Second, emotions are multi-faceted, and involve both subjective and physiological experiences, as well as behaviors. The third feature involves the authoritative nature of emotions. They have the powerful ability to interrupt ongoing processes, assert their priority over other activities, and force their way into awareness. For example, some traditions describe emotions as “disorganized interruptions of mental activity” (Salovey & Mayer, 1989). Emotions are such an

“The Net seizes our attention only to scatter it,” Carr says. Then the Swedish neuroscientist Torkel Klingberg tells Carr human beings “wants more information, more impression, and information complexity”. “When our brains is overtaxed, we find ‘distractions more distracting,’” and “we can’t translate new information into schemas, while our ability to learn suffers”. “The more they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing,” writes Carr. Bruce Friedman, a blogger who describes how the internet is altering his mental habits to Carr told him “I now have almost totally lost the ability to read and absorb a longish article on the Web or in print”. Jim Taylor, Ph.D. writes in his article. “Using the internet is like a jet skiing, in which the jet skier is skimming along the surface of the water at high seed exposed to a broad vista, surrounding by many distractions, and only able to focus fleetingly on one

Bruce Friedman, a blogger, has mentioned how the Net had changed his mental habits. Friedman has lost the ability to read and absorb long articles, now he just quickly scans short passages. Anything, even blog posts longer than three paragraphs are too much for him he just skims the articles. A study conducted by University College London suggests that we could be in the middle of a change, the way we are now thinking and reading. This study consisted of two popular research websites, one operated by the British Library and the other by a UK Educational Consortium. The individuals using this website only skimmed, hopping from one source to another, rarely returning to a previous source or reading more than two

In The Shallows Carr includes a tale of Phillip Davis, a doctoral student, introducing his friend to the internet and becoming frustrated when his friend kept pausing to read web pages she found. Davis recounts, “ ‘You’re not supposed to read web pages, just click on the hypertexted words!’ ”(Carr 7). This statement may seem brash but it is not wrong, the Internet is not the ideal environment for individuals who want to pause and assess ever bit of information given, if that were the case one would turn on his or her computer to write an email and within three hours have gotten nowhere. From all the pop ups, side ads, and recommendations along a web page taking the time to evaluate each and every bit of information would take ages, and this discourages a mentality of linear reading and full analysis. Moreover, Carr describes how an Israeli company allows users to view the amount of time people spent on their website from around the world, the result showed that now matter were they were located they all spent a minimal amount on each website before clicking away. Carr states, “ On the Web, there is no such think as leisurely browsing. We gather as much information as quickly as our eyes and fingers can move”(Carr

My primary uses of time would fall under the category of sleep. It is quite ironic that this is the activity that I do the most; when in reality I feel like I sleep the least. Making this excel spreadsheet really put everything that I do in a typical week into retrospective. What did not come as a surprise to me is what I spend most of my money on. Aside from bills and rent, I typically find myself spending money on food and drinks.

An article published in The Atlantic entitled “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” criticizes to what effect the internet has on our cognition. Despite the title of the article, technology writer Nicholas Carr does not target Google specifically, but rather the World Wide Web as a whole; moreover, he attributes his recent troubles concentrating while reading books and more-lengthy articles to the long hours he has been spending on the internet.

2) Isolation/causation. Isolation is if only thing changing is that which is being manipulated whether up or down, then the change in effect is caused by the change in IV (the thing manipulated). It is harder to get isolation from psychology, than that from physical experiments. In experiments, even in a double blind study, the IV and subjects are changing. This can prove to make things even more difficult when the DV is based on the subject, the change on the DV may be due to difference in samples and not on changes due to the IV. Where a confounding variable is the environment or situation, the difference in subjects such as age or gender is a subject variable. This is important to note the differences as subject difference Subject variables

When you first go to the home page it has a well-developed and effective design. The

* Predict: Offering predictions (or hypotheses) about how a given condition or set of conditions will affect