2-Propanol Lab Report

The objective of this lab was to create a ketone through an oxidation reaction using a using a secondary alcohol and oxidizing agent in order to use that ketone in a reduction reaction with a specific reducing agent to determine the affect of that reducing agent on the diastereoselectivity of the product. In the first part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was reacted with NaOCl, an oxidizing agent, and acetic acid to form 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. In the second part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was reacted with a reducing agent, either NaBH4 in EtOH or Al(OiPr)3 in iPrOH, to form the product 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the cis:trans ratio of the OH relative to the tert-butyl group in the product formed from the reduction reaction with each reducing agent. Thin-layer chromatography was used in both the oxidation and reduction steps to ensure that each reaction ran to completion.

alcohol, making it either primary (1° ), secondary (2° ), or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon, it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons, it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons, it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol, the reactivity of each should be impacted. This means that all three

An examination of the structures of the four alcohols revealed weakening IMF moving from 1-Butanol, to 1-Propanol, then Ethanol, and finally Methanol and experimentally the ?T increased in exactly that same order among those four alcohol samples (see Figure 1), providing evidence that since 1-Butanol had the lowest ?T, it therefore has the highest level of IMF (among the sampled alcohols), and conversely Methanol with it’s very large ?T (among the four) has the weakest IMF.

The primary goal of this laboratory is to correctly identify an unknown substance. To achieve this task, one may use various tests that reveal both chemical and physical properties of a substance. By comparing the results of a known substance and the unknown substance, one may eliminate alternative possibilities and more accurately predict the undisclosed compound. Furthermore, by performing these tests, data can be collected and verified regarding chemical and physical properties of the unknown. Understanding the chemical properties of a known substance aids one’s understanding of the unknown based on comparative analysis of the results of the tests.

2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.

This experiment examines the solubility characteristics of organic and inorganic species. The specific substance being tested first, is the organic compound benzoic acid. The objective of the first set trials is to acquire data which can be used to determine the best solvent for the recrystallization of benzoic acid. Next, potassium permanganate, an inorganic salt, will be dissolved in a variety of organic solvents, with the aid of phase transfer agents.

In this experiment, the main objective was to synthesize a ketone from borneol via an oxidation reaction and secondly, to produce a secondary alcohol from camphor via a reduction reaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this lab is that camphor will be produced in the oxidation reaction and isoborneol will be the product of the reduction reaction because of steric hindrance. For the oxidation step, a reflux will be done and then a microscale reflux for the reduction step. The products will be confirmed using Infrared spectroscopy, the chromic acid test, 2,4-DNP test and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results of this

The differences are so significantly between n-pentane and 1-butanol is due to the different strengths of their molecular attractions. 1-butanol has hydrogen bonds between its its molecules and n-pentane does not. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest among all the bonds. The strength of attraction between forces is in direct relation to the speed of evaporation. The molecules with the strongest attraction take the longest to evaporate.

The reaction took place in a conical vial and .2mL of each of the reactant samples were added to it along with some 95% ethanol. Two drops of NaOH were added shortly after and stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes. The vial was cooled in and ice bath and crystallized. Vacuum filtration was performed to filter the crude product. The crude product was recrystallized using methanol and filtered again. We made one change to the procedure and instead of using .7mL of ethanol we

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

To prepare and purify an ester: 1-pentyl ethanoate, using pent-1-ol and ethanoic acid. An annotated reaction showing this reaction is shown below:

The purpose of the experiment is to oxidize a secondary alcohol (2-octanol) by using sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to produce 2-octanone. The starting material consisted of a sample of 2-octanol that was placed into a three-neck flask along with acetic acid and acetone creating an acidic solution. While monitoring temperature fluctuations to ensure a temperature of 400 Celsius was not reached, sodium hypochlorite slowly dripped from a separatory funnel into the acidic solution. Once this reaction reached its entirety, the solution was combined with sodium bisulfate to remove any of the remaining oxidizing agent. This solution was then tested and brought to a neutral pH using a sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction material was extracted using ether and was then washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic solution was then dried using magnesium sulfate and was then decanted and placed onto the rotovap. The produced weighed .599g and based on the infrared spectrum analysis (see Figure 1) preformed on the product it was determined to be 86.1% 2-octanol, which means .516g of 2-octanol was obtained in the final product.

In this experiment, the pKa, dissociation constant, of 2-naphthol was determined by measuring the UV-visible absorption spectra of solution of the acid at different pH values.

Since alcohol is very volatile it is more practical to detect the compound using Gas Chromatography (GC) instead of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. With hydrocarbon it is suitable to use flame-ionisation energy. In this experiment, GC that was used has the schematic diagram as below:

Purpose; The antioxidant properties of Capparis spinosa honey and propolis and the effect of combined honey and propolis administration on urine volume and electrolytes were studied in rats.