20-Time Project: Congenital Insensitivity To Pain

The psychological processes in the article include pain perception, and how we as humans perceive pain, how we react to it, and how we adapt to it. The article explains the pain signaling process and how pain can be amplified. For example, when we get pricked by a needle, a signal from our finger ascends through the spinal cord to reach parts of the brain. From there, we perceive pain, then we form a pain experience. Pain perception can be resulting from several factors such as the frequency of pain input, how sensitive the CNS is, How the body reacts after brain perceives and tries to send information to the injured area. A pain experience is when we have the urge to put a band aid on our injury, or be scared to get pricked from a needle again. However, each pain experience differs from one culture to the other, moreover, one person to the other. The article is conducting a research paper about pain and pain perception in different ethnic groups.

Research has shown that there are several organizations and active advocates who are working on pain management problems to face this public health issue. The following establishments involve: The American Academy of Pain Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and American Pain Society and many for-profit and nonprofit organizations are also working at different level towards pain management. Most specifically, the IOM has been devoted to studying pain and its consequences on individuals, the healthcare system, as well as on government (IOM, 2011).

In second grade I was first diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Disorder, witch rendered me paralyzed for six months. CRPS is a nervous system disorder that causes stabbing, burning, constant, severe pain that can come on for no reason. It can cause spasms of muscles and in blood vessels, as well as cause emotional disorders from the trauma that it inflicts. For me, I was left with depression and anxiety over the unknown of when it would next return. I relapsed eighth grade and just last year, continuing through today. I am not shy over talking about the things that ail me, and, I think, my experiences give me more of a say than most to address Nancy Mairs’s essay than it does those who have yet to experience such setbacks in life.

In a study conducted by Hatfield and Young (2007), 1,727 procedures such as venipuncture, intravenous (IV) catheter placement, intramuscular (IM) injections, urinary catheterizations, and nasogastric tube placement in 1,210 children have been reviewed. Their findings reveal that almost none of the patients received pain management. Although traumatic for the patient, these procedures are considered to be minor by many nurses, and the culture of pain management has not been seen as the standard of care (Hatfield & Young, 2007). Nursing staff is encouraged to change the culture by embracing their role as patient advocate. Every patient deserves a triage pain assessment with ongoing assessments as necessary. Pain control measures must be implemented prior to beginning potentially painful procedures. Discussion must take place between the parents and healthcare staff in order to deliver the best comfort measures on a case-by-case basis.

To most people, pain is a nuisance, but to others pain controls their life. The feeling discomforts us in ways that can sometimes seem almost imaginable. These feelings can lead to many different side effects if not dealt with or diagnosed. These effects can include depression, anxiety, and incredible amount of stress. The truth about pain is that it is vital to our existence. Without the nervous system responding to pain, we would have no idea if we were touching a hot stove, being stuck by a porcupine’s needles, or something else that could leave a lasting effect upon our bodies without us even knowing anything about it.

To most people, pain is a nuisance. But to others, pain controls their life. The feeling discomforts us in ways that can sometimes seem almost imaginable. These feelings can lead to many different side effects if not dealt with or diagnosed. These effects can include depression, anxiety, and incredible amounts of stress. The truth about pain is that it is vital to our existence. Without the nervous system responding to pain, we would have no idea if we were touching a hot stove, being stuck by a porcupine's needles, or something else that could leave a lasting effect upon our bodies without us even knowing anything about it. This warning system helps to alert us when there is

Pain threshold is the point when a stimulus causes pain. Pain threshold limit varies between everyone and the reason for that is because of the genes you inherited from your ancestors. Controlling these genes can result in higher pain threshold or higher pain sensitivity, as the pain threshold depends on your genetics. Sensing pain has been a survival trait for all mankind, making us avoid scenarios that will harm our body. Although having a sense of pain is very useful, what if we are able to control when we feel pain and how much we feel? Both cases have their positives and negatives.The average set of COMT genes is one Valine form of the gene, and one Methionine, the normal pain threshold.The version of your COMT gene depends in your genetics, the combination creates your pain threshold, and the COMT and be used in the medical field.

The sharp pain I endure and the changes I made in my life were difficult challenges. There are hundreds of people in this world fighting a disease. Heather Morgan quotes that “Every Time You Eat or Drink You are Either Feeding Disease or Fighting It” and this is a battle I struggle with everyday. Morgan is an a actress and comedian who played in the movie “Bark!” My life felt as though everything was headed downhill after being diagnosed with a chronic disease.

writer’s description of pain in his context is powerful and drives the point behind his main thesis.

Pediatric pain management is measured subjectively because it is based off of what the patient says or how the nurse interprets the pain scale. Pain is rated using different scales, unfortunately these different scales could yield different results. Nurses are trained to use pediatric pain scales to analyze and treat pain but parents are not supplied with the tools to manage pain when the patient goes home. With 84% of all pediatric surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis, the importance of teaching parents how to assess for and manage pain has become more important than ever (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010). According to Rony’s et al. (2010) study, it is apparent that pediatric pain is not being treated effectively. The study showed that 58.8% of children were receiving less than the daily recommended does prescribed by the pediatrician (p.1). Results of the study also showed that parents had false assessments on if their child was actually in pain. 36% of parents believed that if their child was in pain, they would cry out for the parent , 30% agreed that their child would always tell them if they are in pain, while 22% said that the child would report their pain immediately (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010, ). Children do not always verbalize when they are in pain. Sometimes the pain can be so intense that a child is unable to talk. If the child catches on to the parents negative perception of pain medications, the child may not

(1) A cardinal sign of inflammation is acute pain. The inflammatory response functions to remove the injurious stimuli, which is recognize by the efferent role of nociceptors, and begin cell healing. This process involves chemical mediators, which rush to the receptors on the primary sensory nociceptive neurons in the peripheral nervous system through vasodilation and extravasation. This can occur in injured skin, joints, and muscles. Specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs) such as resovlins resolve the acute inflammation and inhibit inflammatory pain through directly binding to nociceptor receptors. Resolvin also activates ChemR23 which effectively inhibits the pain transduction ion channel TRPV1. This acute pain and initial inflammation is protective in nature.

Pain is something that connects all of us. From birth to death we can identify with each other the idea and arguably the perception of it. We all know we experience it, but what is more important is how we all perceive it. It is known that there are people out there with a ‘high’ pain tolerance and there are also ones out there with a ‘low’ pain tolerance, but what is different between them? We also know that pain is an objective response to certain stimuli, there are neurons that sense and feel pain and there are nerve impulses that send these “painful” messages to the brain. What we don’t know is where the pain

The article “The Neurophilosophy of Pain” by G.R. Gillet is concerned with the nature of pain. The paper discussed the neurology and psychology of pain, as well as how pain is conceptualized. The author argues that a view of pain supported by both neurophysiology and psychology differs from the view that is commonly accepted. Using the example of patients with bilateral lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus, he articulates that pain governs conscious thought principally and has a powerful part in behavioral control. This inference carried him to the main idea he conveys through the article that pain acts more like a drive than a sensation.

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (1979). Pain is actually the culprit behind warranting a visit to a physician office for many people (Besson, 1999). Notoriously unpleasant, pain could also pose a threat as both a psychological and economic burden (Phillips, 2006). Sometimes pain does happen without any damage of tissue or any likely diseased state. The reasons for such pain are poorly understood and the term used to describe such type of pain is “psychogenic pain”. Also, the loss of productivity and daily activity due to pain is also significant. Pain engulfs a trillion dollars of GDP for lost work time and disability payments (Melnikova, 2010). Untreated pain not only impacts a person suffering from pain but also impacts their whole family. A person’s quality of life is negatively impacted by pain and it diminishes their ability to concentrate, work, exercise, socialize, perform daily routines, and sleep. All of these negative impacts ultimately lead to much more severe behavioral effects such as depression, aggression, mood alterations, isolation, and loss of self-esteem, which pose a great threat to human society.

Pain is a basic mechanism in life that helps the body identify that something is wrong or dangerous. Without pain, the body would be severely damaged without realizing it. Pain can become an inconvenience when it spirals out of control; chronic pain, for example, leaves many miserable and unable to enjoy life to its fullest extent even with traditional medical intervention. Around 80% of people report chronic pain in their lifetime (Holtzman & Beggs, 2013). People afflicted by chronic back pain turn to modern medicine for relief, but even these alternatives are not always 100% effective.