21st Century Flood Reform Act Analysis

In conclusion the negative externality that is created from the forestry and the farming firms should be paid for by them by indirect taxation on the products they are providing. It is similar to pollution permits given to firms by the government that could be blamed for the advancement of global warming. Yet the problem with flooding is that it is very difficult to measure the amount of flooding that the deforestation has actually caused. Natural floodplains do exist and to protect housing from it the government should provide a service to protect its citizens from structural damage. Due to the fact that it can be shown that cutting down trees in surrounding floodplains and tree in hills (Extract E:line 3) does actually increase the risk of flooding, the firms should pay for this negative externality. The maintenance of the flood barrier should be

Repeated events, highlighted by the flood of 1993 and the fallout of Katrina, continues to illustrate the US Army Corps of Engineers’ failure in strengthening flood control up and down the Mississippi, including the redesign and upgrading levees. America is a product of this constant struggle in dominating nature using science and reason.

Markey J. Edward served on the 114th congress as a Massachusetts senator. He is apart of the Democratic Party and served the United States House of Representatives for 37 years. He is now currently the senator and has been since 2013. Some committees that he sits on include Commerce, Science and Transportation along with Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries and Coast Guard. Three other committees he is also apart of are Foreign Relations, Environment and Public Works and Small Business/Entrepreneurship. In the beginning he was Dean of the Massachusetts delegation in the house. In this position he worked to “harness the energy” while trying to get others to support him. He is most known for his environment protection policy and leader on energy.

Graphic novels have the ability to portray multiple perspectives and can cleverly represent as many groups an author believes is needed. What becomes the decision of the author is which perspective deems more important or more fascinating. Depending on which the author decides to portray, there tends to be different effects on the readers. Neufeld uses Scott’s Mccloud’s ideas from Understanding Comics, such as adding detail to a character to differentiate them from the reader in order to induce certain emotions. The perspective taken from the primary source may receive more empathy or distaste depending on who the author chooses to represent. Through detailing certain character, this focus is made clear to be on the victims. However, graphic novels are sometimes subject to biases and misinterpretations, which can belittle the authenticity of the accounts being given. Different accounts of the events hold different biases. They could either represent those who have undergone the specific event or that of someone who has speculated from the outside. In A.D. New Orleans after the Deluge, Josh Neufeld represents a perspective not commonly exemplified, as he assigns different perspectives to his character and juxtaposes them using the dialogue from their interactions. A different view of the story is told, and reasons to the questionable, or unethical actions of the victims are brought into focus and analyzed through a perspective that sides with the victims.

Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the government started before this day “by allowing building and growing in areas in low flood lands.” The government did not regulate these land areas that have always been at a threat for flooding and natural disaster, which was ignored by the government and public, and was in place, still a place for growing infrastructure. Failures included by the author of the national agencies include design limits that can lead to levees being overtopped by flood and hurricane events that are larger than they were designed for and design flaws and construction and maintenance shortcomings that lead to protective works being breached when they cannot stand up to the forces exerted by large flood and hurricane events. The author also points out the problems with the hundred-year flood event, which only has a one percent chance of happening every year. When the NFIP focuses on this possible catastrophe, it losses the

Flooding is one of the many risks that people and their private properties assume when they consider living in a specific geographic location. This is true for the residents of Howard County, as they live near the Chesapeake Bay, whose tributaries branch off into smaller rivers, streams and lakes. Due to the fact that Howard County is more developed in the southeast and more rural in the west, there is a correlation between the risk of flooding and the presence of human development. (any cite here?) Natural factors play an integral role in determining the probability of flooding in a particular section of the county as well. People and their private properties are highly impacted by flooding, as it can cause death and injuries to humans

555). I have noted that regular assessments and monetarization to policies and regulations is crucial for the implementations to work to their full potential. I have explained how the Love Canal is also classified as a top man-made disaster and with regular toxin monitoring and some assessments to policies, the area is no longer harmful to nearby residents or schools. Though Hurricane Katrina was a major disaster and impacted poor African American’s the hardest, the Corps did learn from the disaster and conducted a project that involved fixing more than half the system of levees, canals, and floodwalls. I was very pleased to learn that the Corps is continuing to monitor the waterway system and even published an updated map “showing block-by-block where flooding would likely occur if a 100-year hurricane were to strike” Layzer pg. 555). Hurricane Katrina has been one of the most expensive disasters ever recorded. However, the extent of the damages to the city of New Orleans could have been minimized with regular monetarization and assessment of the waterway system of the Mississippi River, specifically the levee system. A simple check up on policies or regulations could be matter of life or death

History will affirm that from the beginning of the settlement of New Orleans in 1717, it was then and continues to be a location destined to periodic flooding caused by the Mississippi river and rising storms. Throughout time, New Orleans would challenge nature by primarily fortifying the river’s natural levees to periodically engineering levees to combat issues of flooding, only to return to reinforcing or rebuilding according to damages inflicted as time progressed. Each attempt to fight nature from overwhelming New Orleans kept setting engineers back. Refusal to abandon the coastal areas became more costly over time; the intent to preserve the coast became more valuable than the value of life and property.

Floods are common natural disasters that occur all over the world. Flooding has devastating impacts on the lives of people who are affected by the disaster. Floods can ruin crops, demolish homes, take innocent lives and cause many other types of hardships. These disasters can also leave people with a financial burden and emotional effects. Studies have shown that floods have led to various sickness and health complications. This common disaster has recently taken place in the state of Louisiana. Louisiana has been suffering from an enormous flood and has left people without homes, without food, and without personal belongings.

In August of 2005, a great blow was dealt to our country by the disastrous Hurricane Katrina. Where humans thought they could control the awesome power of such a natural disaster through the use of levees, they were wrong. Many of the failures were due to problems with the soil on which the levees were built. In the chapter, we read over many types of changes the planet goes through, and it seems that those key point were not very strongly considered when constructing the levees. Not only was the underlying soil an issue, but different elevation levels from around New Orleans also contributed to the failures.

In the Washington DC area, it is not at all uncommon to see flash flood warnings scroll across the television screen, but nothing comes of it other than some rain. This past weekend, however, during Memorial Day weekend, Ellicott City, Maryland, which sits just outside of the beltway, experienced a horrible flash flood. The death toll still has yet to be announced, as cleanup and the search for survivors has just begun. Two waves of intense flooding hit the town unexpectedly, and with little warning. The town is a quaint little area with cute shops and storefronts, which sits in a valley, and the main street cuts a swath between two higher vistas. Several storms had been forecast earlier that day, and heavy rain was expected, but no one could have predicted such devastation, in such a short amount of time. This is the second massive flash flood to hit this area in as many years, leaving business owners, and residents alike, stunned and heartbroken.

Fundamentally, a community can accumulate points by completion of various hazard mitigating activities to include public information, mapping and regulations, flood damage reduction, and flood preparedness (FEMA, 2017). Below is a table to illustrate these levels. Now, that we have a basic knowledge of the NFIP let’s discuss its benefits. According to FEMA (2012), the NFIP enables policyholders to have coverage up to 250,000 to 100,000, depending on whether the property is residential or commercial. Moreover, the NFIP enables property owners to file a claim without paying back whether the flood becomes a presidentially declared disaster or not whereas disaster assistance requires payback and the disaster to be presidentially declared (p. 2). Therefore, we can see the program has substantial benefits to those who choose to participate. However, there are significant program sustainability issues. First, repetitive flood loss is something which has plagued the sustainability of the NFIP. Since the inception of the NFIP in 1968, approximately 30,000 properties have been deemed severe repetitive loss properties (10 or more losses), costing the program 5.5 billion dollars (Eastman, 2016). Therefore, we can see those who have been impacted by floods continue to be impacted by floods. Secondly, as mentioned above, lack of

FEMA has elected to have state licensed insurance companies agents. Then the brokers sell flood insurance to consumers .State regulators are responsible for holding the agents of insurance companies and brokers involved for providing NFIP customers with the same standards and the level of service that the states require for selling their other lines of insurance. Those private insurance companies involved in the WYO program must have license and should be regulated by states to engage in business of property insurance to sell flood insurance to those

A flood can be defined in many depths but is simply water where it isn’t wanted. In late 2010 Queensland was affected by major flash flooding this continued on into the beginning of 2011 and ¾ of Queensland was declared a disaster zone.

Answer: Property and casualty insurance protects property (houses, cars, boats, and so on) against losses due to accidents, fire, disasters, and other calamities. Property and casualty policies tend to be short-term contracts and, that’s why the subject to frequent renewal is, and one more characteristic feature is the absence of savings component. Property and casualty premiums are based on the probability of sustaining the loss. To estimate the key determinant of the price of an insurance policy, i.e. risks, insurance companies take third-party proceedings that develop models of catastrophe loss probabilities. Based on the numbers form Exhibit 5 of the case we see that