24 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Clusters in Latin America

The South America has evolved as the one of the most dynamic region of the world so much development taking place. In 2005 Latin American economies managed to grow at average of 5.5% while inflation is in single digit which shows that it has created the economic prerequisites to deal with the aforementioned problems.

Alongside the entrepreneur spirit, Innovation is the process of taking new ideas and implementing them into the market. Key word being “new”, an innovation can be sometimes viewed as the application to better solutions that meet new demand-requirements, inarticulated needs or existing market needs. Innovative ideas range from: goods, services, products, processes, services, technologies or ideas that create value for which customers will pay for. For an idea to be an innovation, it must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. This means is that one must be ready and willing put their new idea to the test. On the other hand, there is recognition that “innovation is also critical to cultural, environmental, social, and artistic progress as well” (Bullinger, 2006). With this stated, high-tech innovation is ultimately the reason why we can be thankful for the many new conveniences of the 21st century. Although we might see the forefront of innovation being very prominent in today’s world, innovation is truly nothing new. From the start of modern man times, innovative ideas have paved the way for civilization to advance and develop into what we are today and at the same time, we have barely begin to chip away at the tip of the iceberg of our true human potential. Some scholars believe that innovation is a

(Document A) In South America, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador share a major industrial resource, petroleum! Coffee is also an agricultural resource that all of the countries have. (Document A) There are also things like textiles, wood, food, minerals, cotton, sugarcane, corn, potatoes, and cacao. (Document A) Along with agriculture and other industries, Peru and Ecuador both trade with the United States as a major trading partner, while Bolivia trades with Brazil. (Document A) In Argentina, things like beef, grains, fruits, wheat, grapes, and sheep are produced. (Document B) In Central America, some major agricultural industries include bananas, coffee, and sugarcane. (Document C) Central America also produces nickel, iron ore, fish, timber, and oil. Some of Central America’s major trading partners are Honduras, Panama, Costa Rica, and the United

Slowly he became market leader for that product. Entrepreneurship has been defined by several researchers as the progression of making a product or service valuable by gathering a distinctive set of resources and opportunities. This procedure comprises the set of accomplishments to recognise opportunities, business classification, evaluation and obtaining the essential resources, management and getting positive results. Furthermore, entrepreneurship has been seen as an organizational coordination that underlines the three extents: innovation, taking calculated risks and proactive orientation. There are many indications to provision the idea that the businesses which were engaged in entrepreneurial practices have been most effective and successful (Hills, Hultman & Miles, 2008).

Members of South America’s southern cone are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, which account for 44.24% of the entire Latin America's population. A total gross national product of four member states is about $100 trillion two hundred billion, it is a power not be neglected. And Brazil is the first big country in South America, and also is the center of the South American countries, its area, population and economic output are the top, at the same time is also the biggest building materials market, it occupied nearly half of the Latin American market, and have very strong radiation ability and industrial leadership for the neighboring countries and regions.

Latin American and Caribbean are one of the richest countries when it comes to natural resources. The natural resources that they have are some of the most useful ones in the world and that consists of gold, oil, iron, sugar and many more. World Bank stated that “Latin America produced around 80 percent of the world's silver in the 16th through 19th centuries, fueling the monetary systems of not only Europe, but China and India as well”. This shows that Latin America had so much natural resources that others depended on them. Since Latin America and the Caribbean has all of this resources, they need to develop their production and raise their GDP. Also there are no investments or any business in these countries to make use of the resources

Latin America is doing both positive and negative changes to their economy. In my opinion, I think that latin is making more positive changes than negative changes. I gathered many of my facts and supporting evidence from the textbook Geography and History of the World. A lot of the information was located in section one of chapter ten.

The arguments and findings of the reports can be cross-linked to a number of important concepts in the theory behind science and technology policy. The main concepts that will be used to analyze the finding of the report are the linearity model versus the innovation space and the push-pull concept between R&D and businesses. The linear model of innovation describes as a chain of supply and demand starting with science and ending with economic growth. The science acts a suppler for the demand of technology, and technology supplies the demand of businesses in order to be innovative. The end result of an innovative business is perceived as a contributor to the increase in productivity and as a result economic growth. On the other hand, the concept of innovation space or the innovation ecosystem as referred to in the report regards innovation as the output of an integrated

General Motors incorporates entrepreneurship and innovation into its business objectives. This is evident in General Motors Vision statement which states that its goal is to “lead in advanced technologies and quality by creating the world’s best vehicles”. (1) For instance General Motors has an extensive R & D, Design, and Engineering department that oversees the creativity, innovation, and invention of its strategic technologies and innovation programs which are aligned with its corporate vision. In order to lead in advanced technologies of the world’s best vehicles General Motors incorporates entrepreneurship and innovation concepts, which are essential to competing in the global market place.(2) In the spirit of entrepreneurship, which

Latin America have 33 states and 13 different colonies, the area is huge and it stretches for 12 thousand kilometer. One of the largest countries on the continent is Brazil, famous for football player and a fast-growing economy. The other major country in the region is Argentina, this country is known for well-developed agriculture. Mexico has a huge share of Latin America and I all people dream to visit this country. Traditions, culture and history of countries in Latin America, with the unique cultural monuments with different stories and interesting sights around Latin America can be studied discovered many years. This part of the world were always attractive and mysterious for all people, because of long and complex story and because of

During this period, the economic policies of Latin American governments were relatively single-mindedly oriented to enhance the export sector, while doing little to promote any type of diversification of the economy or domestic industrial economic development. Swift discussed these government policies:

5. What are the factors of production? How can economies grow when one or more of the factors is weak?

The Republic of Panama is not only a resplendent country mystically enchanted with unique culture and stunning landscape, but it additionally a country with a sound economic substructure. With the recent increase in efforts to amend the Panamanian way of life, there seems to be a very promising future for all Panamanians as well as others who have ties to this fascinating country. Panama has always been economically sound, generally verbalizing, but with all of these recent amendments, it seems as if Panama is only moving forward from here. The country has been a trading point for quite some time now, mostly because of the Panama Canal, but with recent investments and integrations, Panama has the potential to grow into an immense trading

The article Innovation: Location Matters discusses how the challenges for competiveness in advanced nations and regions has changed. It elaborates on how organizations must create and commercialize a stream of new products and processes that shift the technology frontier. Companies must be able to innovate to sustain competitive advantage by acquiring and deploying the best current technology. Location matters for innovation, and companies must broaden their approaches to the management of innovation accordingly: by developing and commercializing innovation in the most attractive location, taking active steps to access locational strengths, and proactively enhancing the environment for innovation and commercialization in locations where they operate (Porter & Stern, 2001).

The economy is composed of enterprises and businesses. Our economy has survived because the industry leaders had been able to adapt to the changing times and supplied mostly the communities’ needs. Entrepreneurship produces financial gain and keeps the economy afloat, which gives rise to the importance of innovation in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are innovators of the economy. The importance of innovation in entrepreneurship is another key value for the longevity of a business. And, being innovative has helped us become successful in all our endeavors.This leads me to choose my higher education in “Master of Business Administration