3-Pentadecynyl Phenol Synthesis

Grignard reagents cannot be synthesized from alcohols because instead of reacting with the halide to form the Grignard reagent, the alcohol is deprotenated. Grignard reagents also cannot be synthesized from molecules with a carbonyl group.

Using SN1 reaction mechanism with hydrochloric acid, t-Pentyl alcohol was converted to t-Pentyl chloride in an acid catalyzed reaction. The reaction took place in a separatory funnel designed to separate immiscible liquids. The crude product was extracted by transferring a solute from one solvent to another. The process of washing the solutions by phase transfer was used in order to remove impurities from the main solvent layer. Finally, the crude product was dried with anhydrous Calcium chloride and purified once more by simple distillation technique.

This experiment was designed by conducting a substitution reaction to construct a complex compound (2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) from two simple parts; also known as synthesis - converting simple molecules into more complex molecules. A purification technique known as crystallization was used to purify the product. Suction filtration was used to filter out the product. The experiment was completed over a three-day experimental period.

Cardanol differs from phenol only in the pentadecyl side chain present in the meta position. It undergoes the well known formaldehyde condensation reaction of phenols that gives rise to phenolic resins. Moreover, it can be polymerized through the unsaturation in the side chain although the bulky nature of the side chain restricts the molecular weight attainable to oligomers. The significant advantage of the cardanol is its cooperatively to chemical modification to effect suitable structural changes so as to get specific properties for making tailor made polymers of high value. Thus, structural changes could be effected at the hydroxyl group, on the aromatic ring and on the side

Nerolin was prepared with a mixture of methanol, 2-naphthol, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and iodoethane using a reflux apparatus. A reaction mixture was obtained, and allowed to freeze. Nerolin crystals were obtained by way of gravity filtration and vacuum filtration in a successive manner. The nerolin crystals were further analyzed to show purity of the experimental product by examining the shape and size of the crystals, along with the melting point of the crystals. From this experiment, 6.44% of nerolin crystals were recovered, with a melting point measured as 33-35C. The preparation of nerolin was performed due to its role in maintaining long-lasting fragrance release properties in fabrics.

The purpose of this lab was to synthesize triphenylmethanol from benzophenone and bromobenzene by the formation of a Grignard compound with the reagents bromobenzene and magnesium metal. The bromobenzene was first transformed into the Grignard compound and was then reacted with the benzophenone to make the final product. The mixture was then mixed with sulfuric acid and the organic layer was extracted via a separatory funnel. The mixture was then recrystallized from methanol and was allowed to dry and the percent yield, melting point, and the IR was obtained. The mass of the product obtained was 5.45 grams and the percentage yield was determined to be 41.95%. The melting point range obtained from the final product was 89-91°C

A diazonium coupling reaction then takes place where one of the bonds between the nitrogen atoms is broken and the electrons are transferred to create a bond between the far nitrogen and another aromatic ring with an electronegative substituent attached to it. This reaction produces a stable dye that is capable of resisting conditions that cause some dyes to fade such as light and washing. In this experiment the original aniline used was sulfanilic acid and the phenol added when the structure is converted to a diazonium ion is 2-naphthol. The combination of these two reactants resulted in the formation of Orange II. The structure of Orange II is shown below. Characteristics of both the phenol and aniline are present in the structure of the product, indicating that this is the expected product for the reaction of these two

: Laccase catalyses the oxidation of phenols by one electron oxidation, consuming molecular oxygen. The phenolic compounds form phenoxy radicals that turn into quinone intermediates in the second stage of oxidation. These quinones are very reactive and undergo non-enzymatic radical coupling reaction to form covalent bonds involving polymerisation or cross-linking of phenolic monomers. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. When catechol was oxidised by laccase in situ at the surface of the denim fabrics, a brown overdyed surface was obtained due to polymer deposition. Process optimization showed that 4 units per millilitre

The hypothesis of their study was they wanted to determine if β-phellandrene have potential to cause genetic toxicity. Previous tests had been done on β-phellandrene, but it was important to become aware of the unknown knowledge in genetic toxicity study of β-phellandrene and the possible risk of chemicals. Performed four different methods. The methods included: a micronucleus test which is an evaluation test that detects chromosomal damage, comet assay measures DNA damage by strand breakage, chromosomal aberration test detects visual damage on chromosomes and an Ames test used to assess genetic toxicity of compounds. For the micronucleus test the femur was separated and they collected bone marrow cells from the femur, from there they made

In this investigation, 2-aminophenol(AP), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde(CB), the metal salts CuCl2.2H2O (99.00%), Pd(OAc)2 (99.99%), and AgNO3 (99.50%) were utilized and purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemise (Germany). The important reagents for DNA interaction studies, Calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA), 2-amino-2-hydroxyl methyl- propane -1,3- diol (Tris) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma – Aldrich. CT-DNA dissolved in Tris-HC buffer (ph7.2). Tris-HCl buffer solution was prepared using deionized water and was used to control the pH of the reaction system. TAE Buffer (Tris-acetate-EDTA) (50X), Top Vision Agarose, Ethidium Bromide Solution (10 mg/mL), 6X DNA Loading Dye and 100 bp DNA Ladder are utilized

This review emphasizes an extensive bibliography of recent basic and applied research and investigations on the aspects of this interesting biopolymer including the recovery, preparation, modification and application of chitin and its derivatives and related compounds. A new class of biocompatible and biodegradable chitin-based polyurethane (PU) elastomer was also introduced and reviewed in this study and it was found that by incorporation of chitin into the PU elastomer backbone, biocompatibility and degradation rate of the final elastomer

The molecule that I chose to run through a proposed synthesis is boropinal. Boropinal was isolated from a type of Australian shrub called the Boronia pinnata, specifically from the top part of the plant. Boropinal is a compound that is able to initiate the transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 channel (TRPA1). Activating this channel forms a nonselective cation-conducting channel, which is permeable for mono- and divalent cations. TRPA1 is very important in many different physiological and pathophysiological functions and acts as an irritant sensor. TRPA1 is usually found in nociceptive sensory neurons and in other sensory cells including epithelial cells. This would be great to synthesize this so we can study its properties and better

The Photopolymerization of a mixture of multi-functional monomers or oligomers that polymerize by different mechanisms leads to the build-up of two interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN). An obvious requirement is that the two monomers must be fully compatible, and their polymers as well, in order to avoid segregation and the formation of heterophasic materials. The major advantages of these UV-curable hybrid systems lie in their superior combination of properties which can be tailor-made for a given application by adjusting the proportions of the two components. The IPN formed will exhibit the main features of the two polymer networks, for instance the toughness and scratch resistance of UV-cured acrylate polymers and the elastomeric character of the cross-linked polyurethane-vinyl ether, with

Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde or 3-phenyl-2-propenal is the major constituent of cinnamon oil, extracted from several species of Cinnamomum (C. verum, C. burmanii, C. cassia), under the family Lauraceae, a group of evergreen trees. Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4-0.8% oil, which contains 60-80% cinnamaldehyde, 4-5% sesquiterpenoids (α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, limonene and others), eugenol, cinnamyl acetate, eugenol acetate, cinnamyl alcohol, methyl eugenol, benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, cuminaldehyde, monoterpenes (linalool, pinene,

For laboratory-scale studies, and by the direct incorporation of two packagesmanufactured PU-PCM based on a so-called one-shot foams are conventional polyurethane foams [23,24,25] is used in the synthesis. About encapsulation method, first, microencapsulated PCM should polyol, catalyst, blowing agent and surfactant by mechanical mixing. Then, the isocyanate was added to with intensive mechanical stirring continued until the mixture is uniform, the mixture began to bubble. At this time, the mixture was immediately poured into an open mould having sufficient volume to allow the foam expands and cures [25,26]. This process is shown in FIG. 3. From the mass production industries, Castellon et al point of view. [23] microPCM introduced into the polyurethane foam sandwich when used in accordance with the microcapsules were added three different methods of industrial production lines.