30 Years War Essay

     World War I was the result of leaders' aggression towards other countries which was supported by the rising nationalism of the European nations. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war prompted military alliances and an arms race, which further escalated the tension contributing to the outbreak of war. One cause of the World War was militarism, which is a policy in which military preparedness is of primary significance to a situation. Another cause of the World War was nationalism. Nationalism is the pride and devotion form one towards his/her country. It played a great part in the causes of World War 1 because citizens wanted to stand up for their country, and fight for them. The third

After this was when things started to get harder for Charles V. He was faced with Religious differences as a challenge to political authority. Charles V.

World War II World War II was a pivotal event of the 20th century and a defining

The reformation is a name referring to a time of change in religious practices across Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. The reformation came after the rise in humanism. As well as coming after the social change that began in the European Renaissance of the 14th century. After the drastic shifts initiated in European society by the Black Death, the Church and the papacy became more corrupt. It's officials more secular, political, and focused on wealth.

Following many years of strife between Catholics and Protestant Reformers, war broke out in the Holy Roman Empire in 1618. This long lasting conflict, known as the Thirty Years’ War, would not cease until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. The political, economic, and social causes had been intensifying since the Protestant Reformation and the Peace of Augsburg. With a nation divided vastly, in massive debt, and in continuous religious conflict, there was only one solution: war. The Thirty Years’ War was a turning point in modern European history because new strong nations emerged, but the war also brought devastation to European populations and economics.

The Hundred Year War was a war between the French and English in the 13th and 14th century. The war was a conflict over land, titles and rights between both the French and English. This involved several generations of French and English who have claimed a period of more than a hundred years(Hundred Years’ War, pars.1). This was said to last form around 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet. It was accompanied by some significant battles and people during this time period of the Hundred Year War. The origins of the Hundred Years War included Joan of Arc Liberates the Orleans, The Battle of Agincourt and Philip VI.

After Luther was excommunicated at Worms in 1521, many princes ignored Charles V who outlawed Luther and his books.Philip of hesse formed the luteran league of Torgau, with an aim to ensure the Edict of Worms was not implemented, which was attepting to stop the spread of Lutheranism by banning books and teachings.At the Diet of Speyer in 1526 held by Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria the protestant princes for the first time professed their faith. Charles V wanted to support princes due to the threat of the Ottoman Empire but he also wanted to suppress Lutheranism. The diet concluded that the princes would have princely autonomy, which allowed the princes to adopt new religion without fear. “Each one [prince] is to rule and at as he hopes to answer to God and his Imperial majesty.” This made Lutheranism spread much easier. In 1531 the League of Schmalkalden was formed by Philip I Landgrave of Hesse and John Frederick which was a territorial political movement to break from Rome giving them economic advantages as money would go to their territories rather than to Rome. Members of this intended for this to replace the Holy Roman Empire.They would confiscate church land and expel Catholic leaders, this lasted for fifteen years without opposition, until the Schmalkaldic War from 1546-1547 which Charles V and his allies fought the league and won. But this league allowed Lutheranism to be established firmly therefore the

| |Ended the thirty year war, the crown acknowledging the power of the Protestant |

The Thirty Years War that spanned most of the Holy Roman Empire drawing in most of the European superpowers of the time started off as a much smaller rebellion in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the east of the Empire. The Bohemian revolt started with the Defenestration of Prague where two Catholic regents and a secretary were thrown out of a window by a group of frustrated Protestants. The regents had been placed in control of the city by the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, Matthias to rule until his successor, Ferdinand of Styria, was elected to replace him. The Protestants were frustrated because their petitions to Matthias asking

The thirty years war was yet another example of religious strife in Europe. Rudolf II the ruler of Bohemia tolerated Protestants in his country, but his successor Ferdinand II did not and pushed the work of the counter reformation. The Bohemians rebelled, and Ferdinand exiled and executed them. They were told to register and sell their property and leave within fourteen days to "prevent further trouble and embarrassment." (Dietrich). When the truce between Spain and the Dutch ended, fighting in Germany and the Netherlands resumed. Ferdinand then issued the Edict of Nantes (which he would later suspend due to opposition by nobles), which gave Catholics back all their land that the Protestants had taken. France then entered the war, seizing the opportunity to attack their opposing Catholic power, the Hapsburgs. They also attacked Ferdinand. One third of Germany's total population was killed, but this was not the

Philip, Spanish kings. Philip I (the Handsome), 1478-1506, king of Castile (1506), was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy. He inherited Burgundy and the Low Countries from his mother and was titular joint ruler of Castile with his wife, Joanna. But her father ruled these lands as his regent, so he contested (1504) Ferdinand's regency and assumed (1506) joint rule of Castile with his wife. Philip's early death, however, and his wife's deteriorating mental condition allowed Ferdinand to resume joint control of Castile. The Low Countries passed to Philip's son, who later became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Philip II, 1527-98, king of Spain (1556-98), king of Naples and Sicily (1554-98)

European history has been around long before Jesus was born. Europe has altered its neighboring countries through economic, political, and social changes. It is in this context that the Thirty Years’ War affected Europe. This is evident in the Treaty of Westphalia, post-war catastrophes, and the rise of France. Hence, the Thirty Years’ War acted as a huge turning point in European history.

Christian I died in 1481 and it would seem to be an easy task for his oldest son, Hans, to succeed him as king. Prince Hans had a baby brother named Frederik, however, who had claims to inheritance in the duchies. The result of this was that both Schleswig and Holstein were divided into a royal and a ducal part. In addition to that, hope was that the Swedes would yield and accept Hans as their king.

In this phase of the war, the Catholic Imperial troops challenged the Protestant Danes. (albert.io, 2016). The Danish part of the Thirty Years’ War had started when the Lutheran ruler of Denmark, King Christian IV, backed up the Protestants against King Ferdinand II in 1625.(the cave online) King Christian IV was a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. Ferdinand had defeated King Christian IV in 1626 with the help of Albrecht von Wallenstein.

Charles belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. He was the only surviving son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder and he assumed power at the age of fifteen. In the year 1700, the triple alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony–Poland–Lithuania and Russia attacked a Swedish protectorate and various provinces in order to get an advantage over Sweden’s young and inexperienced leader, which launched the Great Northern War. Charles was able to lead the Swedish Army and forced all of his adversaries to submit, except for Russia. Charles was regarded as a skilled military leader and tactician in his time, as well as a knowledgeable politician, as he created important tax and legal