3d Bone Printing And Its Effects On The Practice Of Medicine

AS well as sustaining the ability to produce prosthetic limbs, 3d printing is also extremely useful for creating artificial organs for needy patients in hospitals. But not only organs, but skin, bone, cartilage, blood vessels, surgical tools as well as even hearts and stem cells can just as well be made by these magnificent machines.

The field of bioprinting, using 3D printing technology for producing live cells with extreme accuracy, could be the answer to many of the problems we as humans face in the medical field. It could be the end to organ waiting lists and an alternative for organ transplants. In 3D printing technology lies the potential to replace the testing of new drugs on animals. However, the idea of applying 3 dimensional printing to the health industry is still quite new and yet to have a major impact. Manufacturing working 3D organs remains an enormous challenge, but in theory could solve major issues present today.

Doctors and engineers have been working on another way to get organs a faster and more efficient way. Using 3D printers can help with their problem. They have worked on using a 3D printer to make organs that are a perfect match for patients. This can be very useful it can get an organ ready in a short amount of time helping the patient recovery faster as well. Organ transplants are hard to come by. One you have to be put in a waiting list, and people are usually on that list for a long while, just waiting for a perfect match to come. But sometimes it takes to long and some people die while still on the waiting list. But when an organ finally does come they feel bad because someone had to die in order for them to use it. So Dr Ali Khademhosseini is trying to use 3D printing to help solve this problem. His theory is he can make organs from a 3D printer, which can make the waiting list decrease faster and have people not have to die in order for a perfect match. 3D printers have been used to make Human cells, tissue, and blood vessels. But making something like a heart is much more difficult. Because you have to make the beating and pumps. (Mesley). There have been problems in the past that have just know started to show in some people. "Viruses aren't the only worry, and here too the past may serve as a guide. In 1956 injections of human growth hormone became a standard therapy for children failing to develop properly. The hormone was extracted from

In the past, the only way to replace diminished cells, tissues, and organs was from organ transplantation. An organ donor was needed, and the tissues would be surgically removed from the donated body and placed into the recipient. Due to the current research being conducted, it is believed that tissue engineering and organ printing can contribute to the process of improving and saving lives.

Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue. Since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition, structure and properties of native bone, nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment, integrate desirable biological properties, and provide controlled, sequential delivery of multiple growth factors for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration. Bioactive polymer/hydroxyapatite (nano) composites are currently being intensively investigated as materials for promotion of bone tissue regeneration

In 2011, Professor Susmita Bose, of Washington State University, modified a ProMetal 3D printer to bind chemicals to a ceramic powder, creating intricate scaffolds that promote the growth of bone in any shape. Prof. Bose’s goal is to, one day, be able to implant the bone scaffold with bone growth factors in such a way that the implant is dissolved by natural bone material in even load-bearing bone structures.

There are a few pressing matters regarding the impact of 3D printing on society including security risks and accountability when a tragedy occurs as a result of manufactured items. However, 3D printing has a beneficial impact in different fields. One positive impact of 3D printing is the new industry software developers can pursue since there is a need to build and maintain user friendly software for 3D printing. 3D printing also reduces the time to necessary to

3D printing is definitely a huge advancement in Technology! However, very controversial. Although, it has multiple benefits in our society in Medical health practices & Engineering speed, it can also be used for illegal purposes. Now, does the bad outweigh the good? That is the question debated today. I see the whole concept in only 2 large points. It will greatly help people who are desperately in need for transplant organs. It will drastically reduce the organ waiting list and once perfected, our life span should be bumped up a decade or so. On the other hand, what if someone down the road you'll be able to completely recreate a human being in it's entirety? Would we harvest them for their organs? Would it be fair? What if it falls in the

In the future, the technology will be widely accepted since it can be used to create complete organ, to test newly developed drugs on manufactured cells instead of animals and human cell, to imprint cells directly onto a human body, thus reducing the wait time for organ transplantation, and save time and cost associated with drug research. An absolutely favorable position of customized organs is designing organs utilizing a patient 's own particular cells. With this methodology, there would be no issues with dismissal, and patients wouldn 't need to take the powerful anti-rejection medications that are presently required (Cooper-White, 2015). According to the Organovo company, the formation of a suitable liver is a crunch second for the bio-printing and drug industry since it demonstrates 3D printed tissue can be preserved successfully for a sufficient time to test the impacts of medications on it or insert it in a human body where it can further mature (Mearian,2013).

They undergo a mineralization process to calcify the bone into a harden material. First, the matrix of the bone, a mixture of both collagen and water, plus other organic components are first laid down first. Osteoblast cells secrete type 1 collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, membrane-enclosed vesicles with alkaline phosphatase and toehr associated enzymes as well as a product known as osteoid into the matrix. The osteoblast secretions bind with calcium with high affinity and enzymes hydrolyze phosphate ions from various macromolecules creating a high concentration of ions. The high ion concetrations causes calcium phosphate crystals to form and grow to mineralize further into a compound known as hydroxyapatite. Hydroxoapatie surround collagen fibers and merge into a solid bony

Bioprinting offers the ability to create a 3D biomimetic tissue by patterning cells and, in some approaches, multiple cell types with precise and reproducible spatial control. In order to create these organs a researcher must start off with a bioink consisting of compounds with a chemical structure consisting of polysaccharides and/or proteins. Some of the compounds include, but are not limited to agar, collagen, silk, elastin, and chitosan. These bioinks are then infused with additives that include growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (Bioprinting 4-12). Bioprinting then “moves from the laboratory to the clinic sources, clinical grade cells will be necessary to support the assembly of different constructs” This is where stem cells from the patient, if possible, are utilized to prevent the use of immunosuppressive drugs. (Bioprinting 4-12). Once everything is loaded into the biopen, it is then loaded into the bioprinter (fig 1, 2). Researchers are then able to make tissues, organs, and many other structural components.

Anthony Atala, in his 2011 Ted Talk, Printing a Human Kidney, tells of printing a bladder. He explains that they use a small piece of the patients original bladder. They then print a scaffold and let the cells grow on the scaffolding in an “oven like device” that has the “same conditions as the human body -- 37 degrees centigrade, 95 percent oxygen” Weeks later, the organ has grown and it is ready to be placed in the patient. Atala explains that “For these specific patients, we actually just suture these materials. We use three-dimensional imagining analysis, but we actually created these biomaterials by hand.”Luke Massella, a patient who received a 3D printed organ because he was born with spina bifida that prevented his bladder and kidneys

The concept of 3D printing got a lot of businesses attention, from airplane and space industries to house appliance companies. Every business and industry is thinking of ways to utilise 3D printers to their own benefit, not just business and industries, also schools, governments and individual groups of people. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique whereby objects are printed layer by layer through a series of slices, they work in a similar way to normal desktop printers but instead of ink, the 3D printers use other ranges of material powders. All printers use CAD or drafting software that calculates each slice size and they determine exactly how each of them should be constructed to fit in

many people have lost multiple limbs. As the development of technology, it have 2-3D printer to

3D printing is a technology that was invented in the early 1980s by a man named Charles Hull (Ventola, 2014). Since its creation, 3D printing has branched into many different aspects of the world and is being utilized in fields like the automotive industry, medicine and is even being used for everyday purposes. Later on, Charles Hull founded a company called 3D Systems which developed the first ever 3D printer. In 1988, Hull and his company 3D Systems, put forth the first commercially available 3D printer. From this point on, 3D printing would be advanced and evolved to the point where it would have the opportunity to create a revolutionary impact on the world we