3d Planning Techniques

I’m currently studying HNC Care & Administrative Practice (Clinical Route) which involves doing placement hours at a local hospital and complete a Graded Unit which consists of three stages: planning, development and evaluation. In the planning process I must complete and develop a plan to show that I can help a patient I have chosen with a nursing activity. After having a meeting with my mentor to discuss which patient we felt would be a suitable candidate for me to complete this task with, I gained consent from him. I also gained consent from the patient after explaining what and why I was doing the activity, and all information about her would be kept confidential. For this matter I will refer to the

Given the complexity of towns and cities, it is interesting to compare NSW legislation and planning instruments to other states within Australia, to discover ways to perhaps further improve the SILEP in NSW. This report will aim to help evaluate the implementation of the LEP Standard Instrument in comparison to other approaches to local plan making in Australia. The first section will look at the NSW local planning scheme for Leichhardt LGA. The second section the Victorian local planning scheme for Melbourne LGA as a comparison.

Individuals experiencing crisis often feel a loss of control in their lives and have a need to reestablish this sense of control. A primary strategy in reestablishing control is mobilizing the client (James & Gilliland, 2013, p. 56). I would work with Jennifer to establish an immediate contact for support, whether this is her best friend, a rape crisis center or hotline, or a support group. I may recommend an outside support, such as a rape crisis clinic or group, due to Jennifer's feelings of not wanting to share with her current support network. According to a review of rape services reported by sexual assault victims, what rape survivors recalled as the most appreciated service was the support of an individual to talk to and request services from, who were outside of the realm of a mental health professional. Mental health

3-D conformal radiation therapy allows the beams of radiation used in treatment to be shaped to match the tumor. Conformal radiation therapy uses information to focus exactly on the tumor. This will help with avoiding the healthy surrounding tissue. It is a very advanced method for radiation therapy but is highly suitable for cancer patients.

In radiation therapy, d-max is a very important factor when a patient’s treatment is being planned. According to Washington and Leaver (2010), the d-max is defined as the depth at which the radiation beam is at its maximum dose. Different energies produce a different d-max, and to properly treat the tumor, dosimetrists and radiation oncologists must be aware of each depth of maximum dose. When a doctor’s radiation therapy prescription calls for more superficial treatments, it can be hard to find an appropriate energy due to the fact that the energy can max out too deep within the patient. The use of bolus will raise the d-max, or bring the d-max closer to the surface. Bolus will attenuate some of the radiation and in turn

The purpose of this study is to determine which of the alternative bolus types, green Play-Doh, orange Play-Doh, and uncooked rice, can be as effective as Superflab in providing the best Dmax results for the radiation therapy of a patient. The question of this experiment is which of the following bolus options is best when comparing them to Superflab in providing maximum dose build up: green Play-Doh, orange Play-Doh, and uncooked rice. Each of these bolus types represents the independent variables of the study. The dependent variable is the maximum dose build-up of each different bolus type. The research experiment will consist of assessing the radiation received by a measuring device underneath each bolus type, while using the same energy and field size each time. The investigator analyzes the differences between the independent variables with ANOVA. Also, the investigator performs Tukey’s test for pairs of independent variables with statistical differences. Analyzing the data using tables and graphs creates a benchmark for identifying effective materials to use when a bolus is necessary for treatment. Investigators predict there will be no difference between Superflab, green Play-Doh, orange Play-Dough,

A key aspect to see whether the resource chosen is effective and useful are evaluating, planning and monitoring this resource. This can be shown through seven stage planning: Identify needs, set aims and objectives, describe the best way of achieving aims and objects, identify resources, plan evaluation methods, set an action plan, and action (Sciven 2010). The resource chosen can be used within an educational setting where it will be planned differently at different levels this is so it would be suitable for multiple abilities. This will be done through a process of one-to-one guidance, quickly and with no written action (Sciven 2010). On the other hand, for a major project, it will go through the same stage but, planned in detail and in depth. To identify the needs and priorities

Standard Simulators are used to visualize the treatment area. It mimics the motions of a radiation therapy treatment unit. It is a high investment in terms of space, personnel and money, and can easily be replaced with a Virtual Simulator (VS). This is system software that uses the computed tomography (CT) data to construct a 3 dimensional (3D) patient, using standard computers in stead of a physical patient. The CT is done with localization reference markers made from radio-opaque markers, which is tattooed on the patient for accurate daily setup. The beams can be placed and visualized. The software can create beams eye views (BEV) and digitally reconstructed radiographs. The precise move from CT reference to isocenter can be exported to the treatment unit (Zimeras, 2013). It provides high-quality imaging tools to alter size and contrast, and can be connected to any DICOM supporting CT/MR scanner. Once completed the beams,

8 Gy in 1 fraction) and a treatment that is fractionated into more than one fraction is called a multi-fraction treatment (i.e. 30 Gy in 10 factions, and 20 Gy in 5 fractions). In 2011 the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) released guidelines for the use of radiation therapy in the treatment of palliative bone metastases based upon current published evidence.2 They concluded that the 8 Gy in 1 fraction is a safe and effective treatment with shorter acute radiation side effects than multi-fraction treatment, and resolution of these side effects begins upon the resolution of treatment making the duration shorter.2 The single-fraction also optimizes patient and caregiver convenience.2 There some situations in which patients would benefit from the multi-fraction treatment: compression (cord or cauda equina) (although this is debated), radicular nerve pain, previous treatment to the spine, those with femoral axial cortical involvement greater than 3 cm in length and those who have had a surgical stabilization procedure.

By gathering these facts and finding, it will be easier to differentiate between the two techniques being used. These case study, will show step by step process on the different radiosurgery and radiotherapy toward the different meningioma. The findings will share similar results such as the local control by the different technique being used. The local control shows the arrest of growth at the site of its starting point. By understanding the research article, it will broaden the overall investigation on is there a difference in local control percentage between fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) and gamma knife surgery (GKS)?

Qu XM, Li G, Sanderink GC, Zhang ZY, Ma XC (2012). Dose reduction of cone beam CT

For oropharyngeal cancers requiring bilateral neck irradiation, IMRT or VMAT is the ideal treatment delivery option, as this removes the need for the anterior neck beam matching, and reduces the risk of xerostomia and dysphagia (Barrett et al., 2009, 141).

The company Baria Planning Solutions is a specialty provider of spend analysis and management services to its customers. BPS was an early entrant into the market but rapid market growth in the past few years has attracted larger software companies to the market. In order to remain competitive against larger companies BPS has expanded beyond the energy sector to acquire other industry-niche providers. Once additional industry sector firms were acquired BPS was tasked with integrating parts of their operations across sectors to ensure operating efficiency. Each industry firm provided services to address the same general type of customer needs but they all differed in

Analysis and intuition provide a basis for making strategy-formulation decisions. The matching techniques just discussed reveal feasible alternative strategies. Many of these strategies will likely have been proposed by managers and employees participating in the strategy analysis and choice activity. Any additional strategies resulting from the matching analyses could be discussed and added to the list of feasible alternative options. As indicated earlier in this chapter, participants could rate these strategies on a 1 to 4 scale so that a prioritized list of the best strategies could be achieved.

Discuss the main features of three different types of planning system including where & how they may be typically used. Identify how the critical path is shown and used on each type of planning system. Describe how each system is used to track and address delays in the programme. Explain the effectiveness of each as a planning technique.