3g Wireless Access, Abstract

This paper is organized as follows: Section II will discuss the evolution of mobile wireless networks, Section III will introduce objectives of the 5G mobile network, Section IV will talk about goals to be evaluated in 5G wireless network communications, and Section V will present some concluding remarks.

With the growing popularity of wireless internet and intranet technology, Wifi-Hotspot is a common buzz word in the telecommunication engineering environment. The features and options that wireless hotspot offers it has became one of the most popular internet connectivity solution and the best choice for internet user on the move. Restaurants, cafés, Railway platforms, Airports, Hotel-motel, resort, park, wherever there are

In recent years, Third Party Logistics (3PL) service providers play a very important role in a supply chain of an organization. A brief literature review is given in this section of the paper. Tate (1996) identified seven factors (compatibility, deep understanding of a partner's business needs, open communications, commitment, fairness, flexibility, and trust) that improved long- term relationship between 3PL and their customers. Logan (2000) used agency theory to help in bonding 3PL/customers relationships. It is postulated that, cost reduction and services improvement criteria are most expected by clients to avoid conflicts with their 3PL. Fawcett and Smith (1995) identified five criteria’s to evaluate the 3PL performance,

Latest trends such as mobiles, IT-as-a-Service, Server Virtualization and the requirement to respond rapidly to developing business conditions are placing demands on the network, which cannot be handled by today’s conventional network architectures. Software-Defined Networking proposes new approach to avoid the traditional vertically integrated networking stack in order to improve the present basic network architecture by improving architectural flexibility and manageability. SDN enables “mass customization” of network operations to better support differentiated services. With this technology a single program can control the behavior of entire networks.

Abstract— The demand for wireless access is permanently growing and the transmission bandwidth is limited. Higher data rates and signal quality is always desired among the users; therefore a more efficient use of the frequency resource is needed to fill the user capacity needs. Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is used to increase the capacity given by regular multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA) using the user position information to provide access to the best communication channel based on their spatial location. This paper presents Smart Antenna techniques applied to SDMA systems as an efficient frequency usage technique.

With the development of mobile devices and web applications, people tend to access data, audio, picture and video from their mobile devices anywhere and anytime, thus, wireless mobile telecommunication becomes more and more important. Cellular network technology is the basis for the wireless mobile telecommunication. And the generation is used to describe the development history of wireless mobile telecommunication standard and technology, from first generation (1G) to fifth generation (5G). Fourth generation (4G) is currently widely commercialized around the world by different wireless service providers, or carriers. Mobile WiMAX and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) are two technology categories in 4G systems and the spread spectrum radio technology behind 4G is orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA). 4G not only provides internet speeds that are five times faster than 3G, but also reduces likelihood of losing the connection significantly, solving the problem of unreliability. with sudden drops in speed and complete outages. LTE is based on the GSM/ EDGE and UMTS/ HSPA network technologies, offering high speeds and low latencies over long distances. FDD-LTE and TDD-LTE are two different standards for LTE 4G technology. Besides, LTE Advanced is a major enhancement of the LTE standard, in order to reach and surpass the ITU requirements.

Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) is a way to connect to the internet without any wires or cumbersome cables. Wi-Fi technology uses a radio technology called 802.11 b for the wireless connectivity. 802.11 buses 2.4GHz of band frequency spectrum with a bandwidth of 11Mbps(802.11a-5GHz,54Mbps & 802.l1g-2,4GHz,54Mbps).In this paper we have discussed in detail about what Wi-Fi is and How does it work, what the hotspots are and how does the Wi-Fi technology has been implemented in these hotspots.

Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN).

Every day the wireless communication is getting more advanced comparing to what is was yesterday. Every generation of mobile communication get advanced with a higher speed, frequency band, better connectivity, security and high data rates in transmission. For all these reasons, it’s clear how the 4G is success more than the 3G networks, and the same thing will happen to the 4G after lunching the 5G in the near future. In this paper, I will try to describe the 4G networks and 5G networks in contest of future of mobile communications. What are their drawbacks and what are the main differences between these different generations along with the issues that make the new network take over that network.

Introduction The world lives a large evolvement in all life aspects. Everything moves in the comfort direction. One of these aspects is the technician aspect and it is an important part of everyone 's life as every thing around you become technician. In your room there is a TV, mobile, laptop...etc. Even most of kids ' toys became in need to a remote control. The wireless technology means no need to wires or cables. Wi-fi and Bluetooth are examples of that. Mobile wireless industry now is in the head of all industries due to the increasing in mobile usage day after day. It passed through several generations until it reached this great evolvement which we see now. It started with the first generation 1G with analog communication. In the second generation 2G the digital messaging was added to the analog communication. In the 3G, both calls and messages became digital. In the 4G –which we have now- the improvement was in the usage of a large bandwidth. The generation which is expected to appear is the 5G. The 5G is purely based on the 4G and will give a huge level of bandwidth which we cannot imagine. Furthermore, there are two predicted generations 6G and 7G. The 6G will be a satellite based network with speed up to 1 GB. This leads to the space roaming problem which shall be solved by the 7G. The report is organized as follows. First and Second section provides literature review of past and current mobile communication generations from first generation (1G) to fourth

(4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide higher data rates to end users by improving spectral efficiency, deploying more base stations, and/or aggregating more spectra. While some of the LTE enhancements, such as advanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Coordinated multipoint (CoMP), heterogeneous networks (HetNets), and carrier aggregation (CA), deliver the additional capacity needed to sustain the traffic surge for the next few years, none of them is seen as a viable solution to support the hundreds of times more traffic demands foreseen in 2020 and beyond, the so-called 5G era[5]. However, it is expected that in 5G millions more base stations (BSs) with higher functionality and billions more smart phones and devices with much higher data rates will be connected.[6]. In 5G mobile communication it is expected to have the presence of higher traffic volume, increased indoor or hotspot traffic, and higher energy [7]. The growth of wireless system capacity ever since the invention of the radio right up to the present can be attributed to three main factors: increase in the number of wireless infrastructure nodes, increased use of radio spectrum, and improvement in link efficiency. These three ingredients continue to be the dominant drivers of wireless capacity growth today [8]. As it is

Information and communication technologies have become advanced and efficient in last few decades. The improvement is radical and it has made the broadband technologies and internet more robust and wide spread. Internet has become an integral part of any communication technology. It carries various type of information and offers different type of network services. The speed of data transmission has also improved. [1]Now days, Internet can be accessed from any smart phone, PDA, laptop, computer and several other smart devices. Wireless internet connection through wireless LANs at public places like airports, stations etc. All these have led to the wireless mesh network. [2]

Recent progress in mobile wireless network has provided a major impulse towards the development of self-organized, self-created, and rapidly deployable network architecture referred to as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Although the application area of MANETs was initially proposed for environments of disaster recovery and battle-field communications, the evolution of the Multimedia Technology and the commercial interest of companies to reach widely civilian applications, have made Quality of Service in such networks more important.

As the technology world evolves and develops faster and better every day, it puts new demands of speed and throughput on the network that supports it. Today especially, we live in a world where everyone is mobile, and it is expected that mobile networks keep pace with the innovations in technology. The successor of 2G and 3G mobile network standard is the 4G mobile network standard. The emergence of 4G, nonetheless, should provide faster and better mobile network connectivity to support the newer and ever more demanding technologies born every day. The emergence of 4G mobile network technology is aimed at offering higher data speeds and the ability to roam across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks for the

After going through different studies, reviews and articles of different authors we came to the result that 3g and 4g services have both negative and positive impact of country’s economy. Focusing several developing countries as a background like China 4G Specifies Stronger Economic Growth For China: MIIT experts believed that the issuance of 4G licenses, which symbols a innovative era in China's high-speed mobile system, is expected to lift the country's economic growth beside with an rise in information consumption demand. China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom will bargain 4G mobile network services countrywide. Moreover, the 3G system in a straight line gave 211 billion Yuan to China's GDP growth and added 1.23 million occupations during the primary three years after it was put into exploit in 2009, according to the MIIT. Furthermore, The Philippines is experiencing healthier socio-economic enlargement due to third-generation (3G) network services, rendering to a report by telecom firm Qualcomm. The report mentioned South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, and the Philippines as examples of countries with 3G deployment, and how this substructure affected their corresponding economies. Between the more prominent points in the study are the flourishing in job formation in the telecommunications segment, formation of innovative products and services geared towards exact mobile marketplace segments, and comfortable experience for consumers who command a