3rd Crusades Dbq

In 1096 the Knights Crusade started. It has been called such because it was under the leadership of famous knights. The Crusade's point was to capture the Holy Land, Jerusalem, back from the Mohammedans. The Knights' Crusade was the first Crusade, and the only truly successful one. In 1099 the Knights' Crusade captured Jerusalem, which remained in Christians control for almost 200 years.

The Third Crusade (1189-1192), led by Richard I of England, Philip II of France and

After the First Crusade in 1096, Christian kingdoms were very upset. By 1144, a Mamluk general, Imad-ed-din Zangi, had succeeded in uniting enough Turks and Arabs in his army to attack the Christian kingdoms. Zangi did not take Jerusalem, but he did take the Syrian city of Edessa nearby. In Europe, people were very upset when they heard that the Turks had taken Edessa.

The results on the crusades were more negative than positive. Document 5 states that “Primarily Italians, had established communities in the crusader states.”

The Christian had a weak hold on the holy land for nearly a century when Saladin began uniting the Muslim armies. When the Christians and Muslims met at the battle of Hattin, the Muslims were able to win because of Saladin. This was the turning point for the crusades because three months later the Muslims conquered the city of Jerusalem.

In 1187, Saladin began a huge campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. his troops basically destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory. Outrage over these defeats fired up the Third Crusade, led by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England. In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it was the only true battle of the Third Crusade. From the city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that established the Kingdom of Jerusalem and ended the Third

The Crusades were a series of holy wars that began in 1095 CE. These wars were fought between Christians and Muslims to gain control over the sacred land. The Turks moved into the middle east during the early part of the 11th century CE. Most of the Turks served the Islamic armies and would invade land rapidly using combat forces. This alarmed the Greek emperor and caused him to seek out Pope Urban II and ask for mercenary troops to confront the Turks. The Pope called a council and had 300 attendees to show up. During this council, the Pope made a plea to free the Holy Land, which received an enthusiastic response. After this, Pope Urban II promptly waged war against the Muslims and took armies of Christians to Jerusalem to try and

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II in response to a call for aid by the Byzantines. The resulting army swept through Asia Minor and into the Near East conquering several cities along the way. Upon the successful conquering of the region, the crusaders divide the land among themselves forming four crusader states: County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This takeover and dividing of territory is incredibly similar to what occurs in the fourth crusade. Upon conquering Constantinople in April of 1204, the crusaders proceed to divide the land among themselves much like they did earlier. They divided the land

The Byzantine Empire never really recovered from the ransack caused by the war. The Fourth Crusade deeply angered Pope Innocent III, as the Crusaders had attacked their own fellow Christians. The Crusaders were by now unpopular and had yet to achieve their initial goal of regaining control of Jerusalem. Before his death in 1216, Pope Innocent III commissioned the Fifth Crusade to accomplish the mission of the Fourth, to free Jerusalem from Egyptian command. The Crusaders travelled to Acre in 1217 and joined the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, King John was aware that attacking Jerusalem while Egypt was at full strength was not possible, so they collectively planned to take Egypt under Latin control, thus forcing the Muslims

Acre fell in July 1191, and on September 7, Richard’s brilliant victory at Arsuf put the crusaders in possession of Joppa. Twice Richard led his forces to within o few miles of Jerusalem. But the recapture of the city, which constituted the chief aim of the Third Crusade, eluded him. There were fierce quarrels among the French, German, and English contingents. Richard insulted Leopold V, duke of Austria, by tearing down his

As soon as Saladin’s army was big enough he headed on his way to Jerusalem to recapture it from the crusaders who had control of it for many years prior. Saladin took on the crusaders in the battle of Hattin in 1187 where he won and claimed Jerusalem. The capture of Jerusalem angered England’s King Richard I (also known as Richard the Lion Heart) which resulted in Richard starting another crusade and defeating Saladin and his army. In 1191 while trying to arrange a treaty between Saladin and King Richard the Lion Heart Saladin was stubborn and would not agree so King Richard the Lion Heart executed 3,000 Muslim prisoners publicly for all of Saladin’s camp to see. Angered by King Richard’s actions Saladin executed all of his Christian prisoners. On September 2, of 1192 King Richard and Saladin signed a treaty that allowed for Muslim control of Jerusalem but allowed Christian travelers into the city. Saladin died at the age of 55 in 1193 of yellow fever. Saladin barely left his family any money after his death because he had given everything but one gold piece and some silver to charity.

The crusaders were unable to reclaim Jerusalem, so after the treaty was signed, Richard began to head home to England, signaling the end of the Third Crusade. While heading home, he was shipwrecked off the coast of the Adriatic. He attempted to travel through Austria in disguised, but was captured by the Duke of Austria.

Saladin (born in Tikrīt, Iraq) rose to power during the time of the Second and Third Crusades. He gained a reputation as a superior general, and was nicknamed the merciful by Arabic sources because of his merciness and Kindness towards everyone. His name is most widely recognized among Westerners for his military wars with King Richard I during the Third Crusade. Among Muslims, he has often been viewed as a hero of Islam for his efforts to unite the Islamic states and protecting the capture of Jerusalem in 1187. Saladin has also been cast as a man of mercy and this is with particular reference to his refusal to slaughter the Christians in Jerusalem when he won it back in

Although the European continent was surprised and disappointed at the fall of Jerusalem, it would seem that a surplus of gold and other wealth from the spoils of war was the vision set in the eyes of the third and fourth crusaders. As new forces marched towards Egypt in 1169, word spread quickly and cities braced themselves for the new wave of terror. Muslim territories were able to increase their defenses against the dwindled down crusaders. All of Europe wasn’t able to unite for the cause of this war, causing the strength of the crusaders to drop dramatically. None the less, they were still able to create a strong presence by swiftly winning the last battle of the third Crusades in 1192. The fourth Crusades began in 1202, with the same initial

The commanders of the Crusades were the King of Jerusalem, King Guy of Lusignan, Balian of Ibelin (a Crusader noble), Raynald of Chatillon (a knight in the second Crusade), and Raymond III of Tripoli and the Muslim Military leaders were Saladin (nephew of Nural- Din), Nur al- Din (son of Zangi who recaptured Syria), and Imad al Din Zangi. Saladin maintained an uneasy peace with the crusaders. However, a series of provocations by the Crusaders broke the truce by attacking trade caravans under the protection of the treaty. This enraged Saladin and triggered the invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Although the Crusader army was similar in size to Saladin’s army, Saladin had various advantages because he knew the climate and terrain, used better tactics, and was militarily organized. On the other hand, The Crusades were divided and the King was easily persuaded by bad counsel. In addition, The Crusaders were too weak to fight due to the unfamiliar conditions such as the weather (too hot), long distance journeys, lack of water, and were also saddened by the capture of the True Cross, the King, and Reynald of Chatillon. The capture of Jerusalem is historically important because it led to the end of first kingdom of the Jerusalem. This would also cause a European comeback with the third crusade in