4 Cranial Nerves Lab

I told him I was going to check his eyes. I told him to stand with his feet together, with his hands by his side. I told him to follow the tip of my finger, but not to move his head. I told him to focus on the tip of my finger until I told him to stop. I held my finger approximately 12 to 15 inches in front of his face and slightly above his eyes. I checked his eyes for equal tracking and pupil size. His pupil size appeared equal. In a smooth motion, I moved my finger from the left side of his face to the right side of his face. SWITZER was able to follow my finger as instructed. I observed his eyes lacked a smooth pursuit. His eyes did not move smoothly and jerked as they attempted to follow my finger. I confirmed this by a second pass of my finger from side to side. I then moved my finger from the left side of his face as far as his eyes could possibly follow and held this position for approximately four seconds. I observed he had distinct nystagmus with maximum deviation. I then moved my finger to the right side of his face as far as I could follow. I held this position for approximately four seconds and noticed there was distinct nystagmus at maximum deviation. I then moved my finger from the left side of his face to the right side of his face in a smooth motion and watched his eyes move to the side prior to a 45 degree angle. He displayed an onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees. I observed

Recently we posted about 20/20 vision and eye charts for eye examinations. Much of the time, the standard Snellen eye chart is used to measure visual acuity and help the doctor determine whether you need eyeglasses or contact lenses for improved vision.

The Velocity Step Test measures gain and the time constant of the VOR by quickly changing the velocity of the chair when rotating left and right. Pre- and post-rotary nystgamus are measured at time constants of 60 and 240 degrees/second. Pre-rotary nystagmus time constant is measured during the 60- and 240-second velocity times and post-rotary nystagmus is measured during the 60- and 240-second stop times. The reason for using 60 degrees/second is to estimate the time constant and gain for the left and right horizontal canals. As the velocity increases, the time constant decreases and a percentage of VOR gain for the right and left can be compared. The test begins by accelerating the patient around 100 degrees/second2 stimulating the right peripheral system. The patient is spun to the right until maximum velocity is reached at 60 or 240

The dry form is broken down into three stages; Early, Intermediate, and Advanced (National Eye Institute 3). In the Early stage, people have several small or few medium yellow deposits under the retina called drusen. This stage shows no symptoms or vision loss. During the second stage, Intermediate, more medium or even large deposits happen. As this happens, a blurred spot can develop and more light could be needed for reading. Lastly, in the Advanced stage, a breakdown of light-sensitive cells and tissue causes the blurred spot to enlarge and darken. In this latter stage, facial recognition is unlikely unless the person is extremely close. Either form of Macular Degeneration can only be detected by thorough eye exams. The exam should include visual acuity, which measures sight at varied distance intervals. Also, dilation of the eyes will allow an ophthalmologist to check the retina and optic nerve. An instrument called a Tonometer will measure pressure within the eyes (National Eye Institute 6).

where the test subjects could not see them. The point of this experiment is to see if the subjects

In general you must be in good overall health. You must also have a healthy cornea with no significant increase in your prescription in the past year. Several painless comprehensive tests will be performed in order to completely understand the entire condition of your eyes.

by explaining to the patient what type of test they may need, by explaining to them what they can

There are 12 Cranial Nerves which all serve a very important purpose within each and every one of our bodies. The twelve cranial nerves are Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, and last but certain not least Hypoglossal. Each nerve plays a different role for example the Olfactory nerve gives sense to smell, and the Optic nerve gives us sense of vision. The Oculomotor give us the motor skills to adjust the size of our pupils, raise our eyelids, etc. This particular nerve is also parasympathetic to the pupil, which causes accommodation as well as constriction. Another nerve that has to do with our motor skills is the Trochlear nerve, which allows the eye

A patient follows a nurse into a vacant room with a chair in the center. The patient takes a seat in the chair and starts to observe everything around her. There are machines connected to the chair and more machines surrounding it. On the wall parallel to her there are letters that increase in size row after row on a large white paper. The doctor comes into the room and examines the patient by using the machines and making her read the letters on the wall across. The doctor continues to exam the patient by using a flashlight to see how the eye will respond. All these tests will allow the doctor to see how poor the patient’s vision is. All of these details will happen

I did the same on the other side and the pupil constricted when looking at a near object, and dilated when looking at a distant object. Pupils are equally round and reactive to light.

Being avid with the anatomical terminology is one aspect of the job as a phlebotomist that you must master. Drawing blood incorrectly or giving an injection to the incorrect body part could result in severe complications and result in lawsuit. Even adverse effects can happen with phlebotomist, such as using gloves when the patient is allergic to latex. The nurse is requesting for me to ensure the patient is not laying on their back. I would respond with yes and go greet the patient. After collecting my specimen I would then remind the patient friendly to please stay sitting up and not lay on his

Cranial Nerve II (Occipital nerve) is also sensory and conveys visual input. Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens) control eye movement. Nerves III ,IV and VI are motor types of nerves. The oculomotor nerve (III) moves the eye and raises the eyelids as well as adjusts the lens and pupils of the eye. The Trochlear nerve (IV) controls the movement of the eyeball. The Abducens nerve (VI) moves the eyeballs outward. Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal) is mixed (a mix of motor and sensory) and is divided into 3 parts: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. This nerve controls the muscles of the face associated with chewing. Cranial Nerve V also controls feelings of the skin including pain and temperature. Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) is also mixed and controls facial movements. The facial nerve also controls saliva and tear

I found a flat spot on the road for him to perform these tests. I explained to Mr. Jordan to keep his head and body still for the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test, to keep his hands by his side, and his feet together. I instructed him to look at the tip of my finger with his

The nurse should ensure that the patient remains well hydrated prior to the procedure. The nurse also instructs the patient to void immediately before the exam. In addition, the nurse marks the locations of the appropriate peripheral pulses with a felt-tip pen. Also, prior to the procedure the nurse should further prepare the patient by instructing him to remain immobile during the examination in addition to explaining to the patient possible sensations that could be felt during the procedure, which include a brief feeling of warmth in the face, behind the eyes, jaw, teeth, tongue, lips, and a metallic taste once the contrast agent is injected.

The nerve is then divided into six segments whose names are indicative of landmarks along the passageway to the extratemporal and intratemporal route. Once the nerve exits the facial canal of the temporal bone it divides off into major branches that are further specified, depending on their endpoint, just like the ones that continue to the cranium (Patel, 2014). As with any other structure in the human body, landmarks are used to locate the facial nerve.