5 Stages Of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is when there are malignant cells present in the cervix; it is developed in the lining of the cervix. A cervix is a narrow opening located at the bottom of the uterus that leads into the vagina. Cervical cancer mostly affects women between the ages of 40 and 55. This cancer can be prevented by screening for precancerous cells, and it can also be cured if it is detected at an early stage. Over the past few decades the number of cervical cancer cases has declined dramatically due to a more widespread screening of the disease. Today, it is estimated that 10,000 new

The phase of cancer at the point of diagnosis varies for different cancers. Therefore, staging is performed by means of various methods such as MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), CT (Computed tomography), X-rays, blood tests and special surgery. The three main reasons why staging of cancer is performed are: it determines the depth of the disease, helps determine the treatment by the phase of the cancer and helps determine the patient's projection of treatment and survival.

Cancer is the main cause of death in the world, estimating 8.2 million fatalities in 2012 alone

Cancer is the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths are estimated to have occurred in 2008. The leading cause of cancer mortality in females is breast cancer, accounting for 23% followed by lung cancer and cervical cancer accounting for 11% respectively. Furthermore, estimates show that, the leading cause of cancer mortality in males is lung cancer accounting for 17% of the total new cancer cases and 23% in total cancer deaths. [2].

Cervical cancer is a typically slow-growing type of gynecologic carcinogenesis caused predominantly by persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly the high-risk genotypes HPV-16 and HPV-18.3 Cervical cancer typically originates in the transformation zone of the cervix, where there is a junction of ectocervix and endocervix. The most common type of cervical carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma and makes up 70-80% of cervical cancers. This type of cervical cancer occurs in the squamous cells of the ectocervix. The second most common type is an adenocarcinoma, occurring in glandular cells of the endocervix, and makes up 10-15% of cervical cancers. Cervical cancers can also be a mixture of dysplastic squamous cells and glandular cells; this type of carcinoma is termed adenosquamous carcinoma and makes up 1-2% of cervical cancers. The final type of cervical cancer is associated with HPV-6 rather than HPV-16 or HPV-18. It is termed verrucous squamous carcinoma and is very rare.5, 6

If the cancer can be seen without a microscope and is not larger than 4 centimeters it is considered stage 1B. In stage 1B2 the cancer can be seen without a microscope and is larger than 4 centimeters. Stage 2 cervical cancer has spread beyond the cervix, but not yet onto the pelvic wall or lower third of the vagina. Stage 2 is also divided into stages, 2A and 2B. Each stage is also divided into 2 additional stages, 2A1 and 2A2 which are based on the size of the tumor. In stage 2A1 the tumor can be seen without a microscope and is not more than 4 centimeters. In stage 2A2 the tumor is also seen without a microscope and is larger than 4 centimeters. Stage 2B cancer has spread beyond the cervical cancer tissue around the uterus. Stage 3 cancer has spread to the lower portion of the vagina and along the pelvic walls and may have caused kidney issues. Stage 3 is spread into different stages, 3A and 3B, based on how far it has

The morbidity and mortality rates for cervical cancer caused by HPV in the United States are 8.1 and 2.4 per 100,000 respectively; worldwide the mortality rate for cervical

Cervical cancer is the second foremost occurring cancer in women after breast cancer. Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus, or HPV. Infection by HPV typically occurs in the early years of sexual activity according to the World Health Organization (WHO), but it can take up to a full twenty years for it to develop into a full-blown malignant tumor. Scientists believe that for all intents and purposes all cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with a few types of cancer. Great strides have been made in recent years in the development of a vaccine to treat the cervical cancer. Scientists have cultivated a prophylactic vaccine that would protect against the human papillomavirus. HPV's

Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths in America, second to heart disease. This is according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2012, about 1,596 people per day in the United States die of cancer. The numbers don’t lie, but the next time a new statistic is released, the figure would likely increase.

Cervical Cancer is a type of cancer that is caused by an abnormal growth of cells in a woman’s cervix. The cells reproduce very rapidly and can become cancerous or remain benign. Every woman is considered at risk for developing this form, but it is seen more in women who are 30 years or older. Around 12,000 women will get cervical cancer each year (CDC, 2012). No one wants to hear a that they have a diagnosis of cancer, but the good news is that with early diagnosis and treatment survival rates for women with cervical cancer are extremely high. Here we will discuss risk factor, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatments for cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix, which is the entrance to the uterus through the vagina. There are glandular cells lining the inside of the cervix and they produce mucus. The cervix is covered with a layer of skin-like cells on the other surface, called ‘ectocervix. These cells of the ectocervix and glandular cells can become cancerous, by malignant tumours from cells that are able to invade the surrounding tissue and organs causing serious damage to it, by abnormal cell growth and tumour in the area. The area of the cervix that is most likely to be prone to cancer, is the opening area of the cervix or space within the cervix called the ‘endocervical canal’. This area is the narrow passage way which gives

Cervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cervix, which is the “lower, narrow end of the uterus.”2 This form of cancer occurs mostly in women who are older than thirty. The current estimate is 12,000 women in the U.S. who have cervical cancer and 4,000 deaths occur from it1. The main cause of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted through sexual intercourse. Although these statistics seem high, cervical cancer is a rare form of cancer. Historically, cervical cancer was known as the “leading cause of cancer death for women in the U.S.”3. The number of women effected and the number of deaths have significantly decreased over the past 40 years due to various interventions.

Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and it is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. (Insinga, Glass, and Rush, 2004). This infection is prevalent among female ages 14-24 years (Roland, Benard, Soman, Breen, Kepka, Saraiya, 2013) and may occur within few years of first sexual intercourse but it may take many years to progress to

Cervical cancer is the only malignant tumor that can almost completely be prevented by safe, fairly simple and affordable means, and yet, one woman dies of this disease unnecessarily every two minutes in the world. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system in the developing world and the leading cause of cancer- related deaths in sub- Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in Tanzania and its mortality rate is unacceptably

In the United States, it is one of the eight-most common cancer of women. According to researches, the data shows that Hispanic women are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer than the general population and their median age at diagnosis is 48. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among cancers of the female reproductive tract, it is less common than endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The rates of new cases in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004. Cervical cancer deaths decreased by approximately 74% in the