68ga Anti-Hr2 Case Study

In our study: statistically, the extent of agreement between dynamic contrast MRI and histopathological staging was almost perfect (κ =0.880) and highly significant (P = 0.001), which is higher compared to the study done by Gupta N. and his colleagues on 60 patients, that resulted in good agreement equals (κ =0.690) and

Mammograms are breast cancer screenings and are of great importance since they detect if indeed a malignant tumor is present and if so what stage it is in (Stephan, 2010). Cancers can be detected at stages I, II, or IIA (Haas et al., 2008).

Over the past two decades, mammography has become the central tool used to detect cancerous regions within the breast. This evolution has been enabled by advancements in the technology itself and its implementation into healthcare regulations of numerous countries around the world (Pisano et al., 2004). In its beginning stages, breast cancer is a relatively treatable disease, and increased awareness for both mammograms and self-breast examinations have led to earlier diagnoses. Studies suggest that increases in mammography screenings have been one of the main reasons that breast

An effective breast cancer treatment in some women can be traced to the root of the disease. Some of the most aggressive form of breast cancers are caused by a transmembrane receptor protein known as Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) which is a member of the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinase. Approximately 20,000 HER2 receptor are normally expressed on surface of healthy breast cell however, in about 25% of breast cancer cells the HER2 protein is overexpressed resulting in tumour cells with as many as over 2 million receptors present on their surface. This cancer is known as HER2 positive (HER2+). The effect of HER2 overexpression is an increase in receptor mediated intracellular signalling causing the cell

When it comes to medical imaging, there are several different options to choose from for different testing. There are similarities and differences; pros and cons to each. This paper will discuss MRI, CT, and ultrasound. They each have important things to know regarding radiation dose, cost, and reasons to use one over another.

Assessing metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes in breast cancer patients is important in planning surgical and adjuvant therapies. A trend toward breast-conserving therapies with the goal of improving quality of life for breast cancer patients has driven the need to accurately assess lymph nodal staging. The concept of a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a valuable tool in evaluating metastatic spread of primary breast tumors (Maaskant-Braat et al.,2012; Noushi et al., 2013). Tokin et al. (2012) describe how the process of tumor spread via the lymphatics occurs to the first draining lymph node, then to subsequent nodes within the same basin and beyond. Breast lymphoscintigraphy has emerged as a useful means of identifying the SLN, although many patient factors, choice of radiopharmaceutical, injection technique, and imaging protocol may affect the successful outcome. The ideal exam protocol would combine speed, accuracy, and sensitivity to identifying the SLN with the least amount of burden to the patient and resources involved (Povoski et al., 2006; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tokin et al., 2012).

The PET-CT carries an important role in defining the disease extent in locoregional recurrence and treatment decision for advanced breast cancer. (20-21)

Biopsy helps determine whether this metastatic disease belongs to the breast primary or another primary, and more importantly to determine the hormone receptor status of this recurrence/metastasis.

The human body is made of about 37 trillion cells, which work together in collaboration to keep your body functioning correctly. When a cancer or a disease attacks healthy cells, it overtakes the entire cell’s functions and rapidly multiplies into other corrupt cells. It is very important to the safety of a person’s life to be educated on the effects of cancer and how to detect them, because it is a wildfire like disease, once it has spread it is extremely hard to control. Breast cancer intrigues me because I have a high risk of getting this cancer due to my family history; from my great aunts to aunts to my own mother. They have shown strength and courage in defeating every bad cell that comes through their pathway. This report is to inform the reader on the history of breast cancer, the types of breast cancer, how it is diagnosed, treatment methods and future prevention methods.

The final diagnosis was acquired from both techniques were compared with other techniques (such as x-rays and MRI), with clinical follow up of patients, and with th e histological data of the

Breast cancer is a disease that comes unexpectedly; many people tend to overlook the symptoms. There are different types of breast cancers that require treatments and surgery. The course of treatment varies from patient to patient because there are many factors that can contribute to a patient’s treatment plan. Once the plan is in place, there are many things that will need to be done in order to ensure that the cancer will not return. Trying to beat cancer can be a long, extraneous, and in some cases a fatal process. Its important to catch cancer at its earliest stage. Knowing the symptoms of certain cancers may just save a life.

This might be of relevance because the current diagnostic gold standard (MRI) is expensive and not always available.

Methods We reviewed the medical records of all breast cancer patients presented at our institution with stage IV disease between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups; patients who did surgery for

In this study, clear cell RCCs demonstrated higher ADCs than papillary RCCs and chromophobic RCCs with a statistically significant difference between the ADC values for the three subtypes (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0304 respectively). A threshold value of 1.309 _ 10_3 mm2/s permitted distinction between clear cell and non-clear cell RCCs with a sensitivity of 79.17% and specificity of 78.57% were calculated based on ROC analysis. These results are in agreement with those reported by Wang et al. [27] that clear cell and non-clear cell RCCs have different diffusion characteristics that can be distinguished with a threshold value of 1.281 _ 10_3 mm2/s permitted this distinction with a sensitivity of 95.9% and a specificity of 94.4% when b values of 0 and 800 s/mm2 are used to calculate the ADC. Although in their study they used a 3.0 T MRI, similar results were seen when using a 1.5 T machine.

Pre-treatment biopsies and post-treatment surgical specimens were collected and analyzed by HER2 FISH and IHC following the 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines. TNT residual tumour, in both breast and lymph node specimens, was quantified and tumor regression was scored according to Pinder’s histopathological criteria. Clinico-pathological features were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed and a p-value <0.0001). Notably, 9 of 61 (15%) BCs became HER2 FISH negative after treatment. Pinder’s regression score correlated with HA (p=0.0006), but not with