81253894 Ultrasound Physics Essay

Being able to identify lumps, swelling, tissue damage, cysts, and the overwhelming news of the sex of a baby all have something in common, an ultrasound. Swelling of the spleen, kidney stones, blood clots, aneurysms, cancer and so much more can be identified through the works of an ultrasound’s imaging technique. Ultrasound involves many concepts, procedures, and careers. The amount of medical possibilities involved with ultrasounds is useful in major medical diagnostics. The field of ultrasounds and career opportunities are widely growing. As medical careers flourish, needs for technicians in many fields of medicine are increasing. Instead of a doctor choosing complex and risky surgery to find out problems within the body, they can now

Although ultrasound QA guidelines exist for over 35 years, the implementation of QA has been inconsistent.25 One of the reasons for that may be a general opinion that formal QA in ultrasound is unnecessary because it is based on non-ionizing radiation. For imaging modalities where ionizing radiation is used, as mammography, QA is obligatory. The other reasons could be the lack of medical physicists and medical physics departments in hospitals and sonographers workload which limits the access to equipment. Although there are no legislation

For the best possible image to be achieved, ultrasound requires good spatial resolution. Spatial resolution is the ability of two structures which are close together to be seen as separate, along the axis and perpendicular to the ultrasound beam (Gibbs et al. 2009). Good spatial resolution corresponds to an optimum axial and lateral resolution. Axial resolution depends on the spatial pulse length, if the pulse length is decreased better axial resolution will be achieved. This

the information on the propagating shear wave including the velocity of the shear wave could be measured by obtaining radiofrequency images with a high frame rate , which can be used to generate a tissue displacement map. then ,the elastic property for quantitative estimation is calculated by the propagating velocity of shear wave .ARFI, acoustic radiation force impulse, Woo Kyoung Jeong 2014) (104).

During MIRS an ultrasound imaging probe is inserted into the body through the small incision and it produces high-frequency sound wave continuously. After hitting muscle, some waves penetrate through muscles and some are reflected. Muscle thickness will be calculated only after analyzing the reflected echoes. The sonographic machine works with a high-frequency sound pulses of 1 to 5 megahertz. By analyzing this echoes, the machine calculates the distance in-between probe and tissue using the speed of sound waves in tissue(1540m/s) the reaching time, and information about muscle layer changes with the variation of the frequency. Results are shown in the monitor (Fig.2.) in video format. Video is collected and saved in image format and tissue

One factor is dose, in other words, the output frequency of the probe; in general, it is thought that higher frequency output carries more risk of causing thermal and mechanical effects (1, 166). It follows then, that ultrasound modes that require a higher output would also be considered a greater risk; for instance, Doppler requires a much higher output than the more traditional B-mode ultrasound (5, 625). A longer duration of the exam has also been shown in animal models to have negative biological effects on the fetus (5, 625) and cumulative effects of multiple ultrasounds over the course of gestation may be an important component as well (1, 169). Finally, gestational age must also be considered; it could be theorized that if any damaging effects from ultrasound are possible, they could be incurred during the vulnerable first trimester (5,

In diagnostic ultrasound examinations, very high frequency (1 to 5 megahertz) sound waves are directed at the body’s internal structures from a probe placed in contact with the skin (Ultrasound scan,

3D ultrasound also called sonograph, is often used in obstetrics during pregnancy, ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to confirm and the date of a pregnancy and to provide images of the fetus, the placenta and the amniotic fluid (Griffin,2014). A high frequency transducer is used to record the sound waves to determine the size and shape of soft tissue (Ratini,2015). It is also used to create real time visual images of the embryo or fetus in the mother’s womb (Griffin,2014).

Frequency refers to the number of cycles of compressions and rarefactions in a sound wave per second, with one cycle per second being 1 hertz. While the term ultrasound generally refers to sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz (the frequency range of audible sound is 20 to 20,000 Hz), diagnostic ultrasound uses frequencies in the range of 1-10 million (mega)

Echocardiography makes use of the properties of sound waves to identify tissues based on their densities. It differentiates tissue due to the fact that the speed of sound waves is dependent on the elastic properties and density of the medium it is travelling in, also known as the acoustic density of the tissue. The test uses ultrasound which have frequencies >20 KHz. Sound waves are generated by electrically stimulated piezoelectric crystal medium which then travels through an interface between tissues such as myocardium and blood. A

In today’s world, our technology use and advancement is increasing rapidly. Staying up to date on all the latest improvements is essential especially when working in the medical field. Ultrasound has improved greatly over the years and is an important part of many diagnostic findings. One of the newer advancements added to ultrasound to help with findings is elastography.

The sound waves give off a high pitch that are to high to be heard by a human. Humans can’t hear the high pitched sound because we can only hear up to 16-200Hz. Ultrasounds are way above our hearing. Our ears can only hear up to 16-200Hz so if you were to hear the ultrasound waves you would be in serious harm, without realizing it.

There have been many technological advancements in the health care field. Ultrasounds have played a major role in these advancements. Many people have heard of an ultrasound or even undergone an exam themselves. Medical ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the inner body. Ultrasounds give health care professionals a visual of tissues. Sonographers are the skilled medical technicians trained to conduct ultrasounds. “A technician (sonographer) trained in ultrasound imaging will spread a clear, warm gel on the skin of the abdomen” (Shannon 205). Next the sonographer will rub the transducer over the gel. (Shannon 205). “The transducer converts electrical pulses into mechanical (sound) waves that are transmitted

Acoustic mismatch, by definition, is the discrepancy between the acoustic impedances of two or more mediums (MacLennan, 2006). This occurs when a propagated soundwave, passing through one medium, travels into another medium of unequal impedance. In the context of ultrasounds, the soundwaves emitted by the transducer are affected by changes in acoustic impedance, this is acoustic mismatch. Much like any other forms of mechanical waves, a reflection of these waves occurs at interfaces and boundaries between mediums (most likely skin/muscle or organ/fluid in this case). In cases of high acoustic mismatch, reflections are so severe that a readable ultrasound is improbable.

Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. It is a high pitch frequency that cannot be heard by the human ear. In ultra sound the following happens: High frequency sound pulses (1-5megahertz) are transmitted from the ultrasound machine into your body using a probe. The sound wave will travel into your body until it hits an object such as soft tissue and bone. When the sound wave hits these objects some of the wave will be reflected back to the probe. While some waves may carry on further till they hit another object and then reflected back. The probe picks up these reflected sound waves and relays them to the machine. The distance and time from the probe,