A Brief Biography of Alexander Fleming

Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Edward Jenner (1749-1823) trained in London, under John Hunter, and was an army surgeon for a period of time. After that, he spent his whole career as a country doctor in his home county, Gloucestershire (West of England). His research was based on careful case studies and clinical observation more than a hundred years before scientists could explain what viruses and diseases actually were. His innovative new method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE]

Alexander Fleming, did not comprehend the miracle of mold in the year 1928. The mold produced a material, that the British Bacteriologist recognized came from the penicillin family; hence the name. A 1999 issue of an MMWR weekly article titled Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases, originating from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) declared the three leading causes of

In 1929 Fleming published his findings to a British Journal of Experimental Pathology, referencing that penicillin had potential of therapeutic benefits. Dr. Fleming was never able to purify his samples of penicillin, but he became the first person to publish the news of its germ-killing power. Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and Norman Heatley expanded on Fleming 's work in 1938, at Oxford University.

Husband and wife Gladys Henry Dick and George Frederick Dick developed a vaccine in 1924 that was later eclipsed by penicillin in the 1940s. ("Scarlet Fever-Treatment") Alphonse Raymond Dochez (April 21, 1882-June 1964) was an American physician and disease researcher. He developed an antitoxin for scarlet fever and definitively established that viruses cause the common cold. Also, in Frankenstein, Alphonse is the name of Victor's father. (Tulalit)

Dr. Richard Gatling grew up on a small farm in South Carolina, working with his dad on their small farm, making ends meet. In his earlier years, he caught a bad case of smallpox and almost died in 1846 (Silvia). His encounter with the disease sparked his interest in medicine and later in life he went on to study medicine in college and he became a more modern day physician at the time (Silvia). He practiced medicine for about eight years before he discovered

by Dr. Alexander Fleming. As test continued, Fleming began to realize that he was on the verge of a great discovery. However, he still did not know the identity of the fungus, and had little knowledge of fungi. His crude extracts could be diluted 1,000 times and still be effective in killing bacteria. After years of working on penicillin and going nowhere, many of his co-workers grew tired of hearing about it. The first real test for penicillin came when a 48-year-old police officer nicked himself shaving. After a time, Alexander's face became infected and he developed a temperature. When he was rushed to the hospital, the doctors believed that he had only hours

The first letter told him that he failed a subject at Victoria University and the other one told him that since he’d come in the top 100 in New Zealand in his science subjects, the University of Otago in Dunedin would like to offer him a place in medicine. Without much time to decide as the plane was leaving that day, he had a massive decision. One of the students at the same camp reassured Fred about taking medicine, so he took it and sent a letter back to them on the same plane. After he completed his studies as an ophthalmologist, he then went on to enrol in Otago Medical School. In 1961 he travelled to Moorfields Eye Hospital in England to study ophthalmology only 4 years after in 1965 he moved to Australia. Fred then went on to work at a leading hospital in Sydney and in 5 years became the head of the ophthalmology

When Sulfanilamide was in use for injured and sick soldiers the mortality rate dropped down from 75% to only 11%. The soldiers were instructed to administer the sulfa powder if they ever became infected. In 1906 Alexander Fleming began experimenting with antibacterial. In 1921 he had discovered lysozyme, which attacked many forms of bacteria. He then used the properties of "mold juice" and subsequently created penicillium.

The “Early Life and Career” of John Pemberton stated that he was born on January 8, 1831 in Knoxville, in Crawford County. Pemberton grew up and attended the local schools in Rome. His family lived there almost thirty years. He studied medicine and pharmaceutical practices at the Reform Medical College of Georgia in Macon. In 1850, at age nineteen, he was licensed to practice with Thomsonian medicine and the Botanic Principles. And such pharmaceutical practitioners during that time relied heavily on herbal remedies and on purifying the body of toxins that seemed commonly suspicious to the general public. Pemberton, “otherwise known as Doc,” practiced medicine and surgical prodecures first in Rome along with the surrounding areas and then afterwards in Columbia. In 1855 he established a wholesale retail drug business specializing in material media. Before the Civil War he acquired a graduate degree in pharmacy, but the exact date and place are unknown. Pemberton and the Columbus Company were part of the analytical and manufacturing laboratories which were unique in the south. While Pemberton had one great obsession which was to create medicine and the perfect beverage, he although invented a lot of patent medicines and owned a successful chemist’s store. He wanted to do something more, something bigger. At age fifty, his chief interest in life was to patent a so-called medicated drink which could not only make him a fortune but also secure a place in scientific history

Imagine yourself living in the 1800s. Think of all of the inventions that made life easier, such as the telephone to communicate over long distances, or the typewriter to write formal letters to people. These were all important inventions that made life easier, but a biologist by the name of Joseph Lister had made some important discoveries in antiseptics that ended up saving the lives of people. In this paper, I will inform you about Lister’s early life and the degrees he earned from his educational background, his major contribution to the biological community and what people knew before his contribution, the scientists that inspired him and helped him, how knowledge of antiseptics has increased over time,

Born on April 1st, 1578, in Folkestone England, William Harvey was the oldest of seven brothers and two sisters born to Thomas Harvey, a farmer and land owner. From 1588-1593 at the age of 10, Harvey attended the King 's School in Canterbury. He later pursued the study of medicine at Caius College, Cambridge from 1593-1599 at the age of 15 tuition-free for six years. William finally earned his doctorate in medicine in 1602 at the university of Padua, which at the time was very acclaimed for its courses in anatomy and various medical fields.

What Fleming was particularly interested in was the concept that even though people do obtain bacterial infections at times, majority of the time the human body prevents bacterial infections from affecting the body. During this researching period, Fleming graduated St. Mary’s Medical School once again with a Bachelor of Bacteriology at the same time receiving the gold medal for the top student (Maurois, 1956). In 1914 Fleming concluded his research under Almroth Wright’s guidance and unknowingly continued his journey on to becoming the man with the answer to the biggest human health issue at the time (Maurois, 1956)

Jonas salk invented the IPV vaccine. He was born October 28, 1914 to Russian parents. His parents had no education but wanted him to be successful so they encouraged him to work hard. “In 1939 he received a Medical Degree from New York University College of Medicine. In 1942 he joined one of his professors at the University of Michigan School of Public Health” (Petersen, Jennifer B). Jonas and his professor developed vaccine for influenza, which was Salk’s first invention. Then he traveled to Pittsburgh and became a Professor. There, he also became head of the virus research lab. He worked on a vaccine there. He used the killed virus to prevent people from contracting it. On July 2, 1952 he vaccinated 42 children who did not have polio and his trials succeeded. On April 12, 1955 Salk vaccinate 1.8 million children and right after he announced that his trial were effective and that the vaccine works (Petersen, Jennifer B).

William Harvey was a distinguished physician of the seventeenth century. Harvey was educated by some of the great scientists of his time and was highly knowledgeable of the scientist theories preceding his time. Harvey was greatly intrigued by the views of the ancient Aristotle and developed a number of his own ideas based on Aristotle’s theories. It was from Aristotle’s theory of the primacy of blood that allowed Harvey to make breakthroughs about circulation and generation of animals. His advancements greatly enhanced the study of anatomy. Harvey also revolutionized the means by which science was performed through the use of innovative, investigational techniques. William Harvey became a

A man by the name of John S. Pemberton, was a very respected member of the states medical establishment. He lived in Rome, Georgia for almost 30 years. While he went to school, he studied pharmacy and medicine at Reform Medical College of Georgia in Macon. In 1850,