A Brief Biography of Henri Louis Le Chatelier

On April 15, 1793, General Louis-Philibert-Francois Rouxel de Blanchelande was put to death by the guillotine. He was the last royal governor of the French colony of Saint Domingue. On March 24, 1792, the Legislative in France passed a decree giving political rights to the men of color. The law granted full civil and political equality to all free people of color in the colonies, ending the colonists’ autonomy with regard to issues of the “status of persons”. On April 4, 1792, the King’s signature made the decree law and three new commissioners were appointed to enforce the decree and restore order in the French colony. Sonthonax, a right wing Jacobin was one of the commissioners. One month after the slave revolt began in Saint Domingue,

“Maîtres chez nous” or in English “Masters of our own house”. These words spoken by Premier Jean Lesage caused an uproar in Quebec by giving the citizens a sense of confidence they had never felt before. Jean Lesage played a crucial role in the modernization of Quebec in a short period of time after recuperating the province from the “Great Darkness”. While the rest of Canada was undergoing innovation, Quebec fell behind due to Maurice Duplessis. After the death of Duplessis, Lesage ran for Premier and was elected in 1960. He promised to improve Quebec through social, economic and cultural changes and proved so by creating programs and replacing others. One of Lesage’s accomplishments to modernize Quebec was being able to subside the Catholic Church’s role and replace it with a more commanding provincial government role. Another achievement of Lesage’s to rejuvenate Quebec was nationalizing private electricity companies which allowed workers to speak French entirely, guaranteed the Quebec economy benefits, and adjusted wages. Finally, the Quiet Revolution allowed the rest of Canada to hear the nationalist views of Quebecers after the FLQ terrorist group terrorized several mailboxes, kidnapped James Cross and killed Pierre Laporte.

Officer, a during a three month transition period. He developed a blended training plan incorporating

The French Revolution changed Haiti by creating the Haitian Revolution, which was led by Toussaint Louvre. The Haitian Revolution was how Haiti was able to gain independence through many civil wars and disagreements. Haiti was originally a French colony that was the main producer of Europe's coffee and sugar. They produce 40% of their sugar and 60% of their coffee. This meant thousands of slaves had to be put to work day in and day out with zero pay.

Antoine Watteau’s La Perspective (View through the Trees in the Park of Pierre Crozat) uses many elements of the Rococo style of painting to instill a sense of intimacy. In this painting, members of the elite society gather unceremoniously in a wooded clearing. The people make casual exchanges as they mingle in the park. Trees and foliage dominate a majority of the painting. A small white building can be seen in the background through a clearing in the trees. Watteau uses color, composition, setting, and pose in the painting to create intimacy.

As mentioned prior, in 1907, Le Châtelier was elected to the French Academy of Sciences, where most of his work was dedicated to directing his students’ research work at the Sorbonne and the École des Mines (where he worked as a professor). In an incredible opportunity, Le Châtelier due to his position, and respect given from his colleagues and achievements, he was chosen as a scientific perspective within many government committee meetings concerned with such issues, such as the manufacture of explosive materials and military equipment (his experience within the Franco-Prussian War was a great advantage). This position in the French government allowed him to preview and sit through many plans regarding France’s attacks and military nuclear

     Giovanni Battista Lulli was born on November 28, 1632. His father, Lorenzo di Maldo, was a miller and his mother, Caterina del Sera, was a miller’s daughter. Lully was born in Florence, Italy and lived there until age 11. While in Italy he studied dance and music; he played violin and guitar. In March of 1646 he moved to France to tutor Mlle de Montpensier in Italian. There he studied composition and harpsichord. Lully was able to hear the King’s grande bande perform, witness balls where the best French dance music was played.

Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot was a great mathematician, military engineer, and administrator in successive governments of the french revolution. As a leading member of the committee for general defensive and of the committee of public safety and of directory. He helped mobilize the armed forces.

The marginalization and isolation found in the suburbs of Paris are the results of 20th century postwar Paris failed urban planning. City officials attempted to reconstruct Paris into a better functioning community based on models of metropolitan areas; whose designs broke the city into sections. As a result, urban planners created separation among classes, which produced a loss of connection and identity for immigrant families. That division created isolation that became a breeding ground for hostile attitudes, serotypes, and generations of poverty; these increased tension centered on race and wealth are today issues modern Paris’s most pressing issues. The flawed urban planning that gave birth to the suburbs created what Prime Minister Manuel

In search for the perfect man, could it be we tend to find the average man? Throughout history there has been many philosophers such as Adolphe Quetelet, Johann Herder, and Alexis Tocqueville, all of which worked on theories and done research on “man” in society. Although their work has had differences, there has been similarities that connect all three of these philosophers’ ideas together. As a brief background, Herder expressed the history of man throughout his work. This history of man portrayed survival tactics, emotional responses, human nature, and the consequences faced by man. Tocqueville’s work consists of the Democracy in America and the ultimate goal of an “Indefinite Perfectibility of Man,” the idea of equality among all,

For my heritage fair I decided to research George Etienne Cartier, who if you haven’t heard about was a lawyer, rebel, politician and railway promoter whose contributions to Confederation were on the same level as figures like John A. Macdonald and George Brown(Sweeny). If you haven’t heard of any of these people, then don’t worry I’ll be going into length on all of them. Furthermore, if you were wondering why I chose this topic to research, I would truthfully tell you that the only reason I chose “George Etienne Cartier” was because he was as good a topic as anything else, so personally I didn’t care about the topic. But as I put more research into the topic I came to realize just how important George Etienne Cartier was to Canada. Not just in his efforts towards Confederation but also the work he put into preserving French culture and identity in Canada to railway development. Of course this isn’t as exciting as many other topics, but without George Cartier’s legacy and contributions we would most likely not be where we are today. In this report I will be covering the life of George Etienne Cartier, including his early life, background, political life before and after Confederation.

Auguste Escoffier was born in Villeneuve-Loubet,the Provence region of France in October 28, 1846. When he turned 13, his father took him to Nice where he apprenticed at a restaurant owned by his uncle, thus beginning the illustrious career that he enjoyed for the next 62 years.

His career spanned over five decades, beginning in 1907 working for Auguste Perret, the French architect who pioneered the use of reinforced concrete. He then studied architecture for a year in Vienna before working for Peter Behrnes between 1910-1911, the renowned German advocate for ‘industrial design’. It is believed it was here he met Ludwig Miles van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, the founder and developers of the Bauhaus School of Design. Behrens admired Corbusier’s ethic of mass production and function over style.

The architectural genius of the late nineteenth century French architect Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was of such ingenuity that among the French speaking world that international influence singlehandedly rose French prestige across the world. Eiffel’s most famous construction, undoubtedly, is the Eiffel Tower, which was unveiled during the Exposition Universelle, Eiffel singlehandedly put a beacon which is so associated with Paris today that millions of people travel to France every year to see this marvel of nineteenth century construction, and it “brought him the nickname [the] ‘magician of iron’”. (Eiffel, Gustave).

Antoine Lavoisier, also known as “the father of chemistry”, was born on August 26, 1743 in Paris, France. His father was a lawyer, and his mother passed away when he was five years old. Lavoisier attended the College de Quarte Nations for his formal education in 1754. There, Antoine became very interested in the sciences. He studied subjects such as chemistry, botany, astronomy, and mathematics. Although science seemed to spark Lavoisier’s interest throughout his schooling, he decided to follow in his father’s footsteps and transfer to the Faculty of Law. He graduated in 1763 and was a licensed lawyer quickly after.