A Brief History Of Country Since 1949

The global GDP is expected to grow 3.2% in 2011. The financial crisis is no longer setting the pace for developing countries. (The World Bank Group, 2011) Developing countries are close to having regained full-capacity levels. The global crisis is slowly coming to an end. (The World Bank Group, 2011)There are many factors still playing a role in countries such as Japan with the tsunami. (The World Bank Group, 2011) However, it appears the global economy is on a upward slope.

In Figure 2 it is evident that Indonesia’s cost of living, as reflected by the CPI, has been significantly deteriorating over the last 8 years. Although research argues that CPI may not be an effective indicator of the cost of living for a developing country such as Indonesia (East Asia, 2015). In contrast measuring the percentage of a household budget that goes to food is could be a good indicator. Since 2000, the percentage of household budget spent on food has declined, meaning higher expenditure on discretionary goods and services. This indicates that Indonesia’s urban regions are getting richer faster than the impression expressed with the CPI (East Asia, 2015). This is also reflected in figure 1, as the significant increase of mobile phone subscriptions is a good proxy of increased living standards as a mobile phone is a discretionary living cost. This is a result of the Indonesian growth rate earning a higher level of surplus income to spend on more luxury items.

The world of 1947 through 1991 was a very different than the world that we live in today. During this time many things events took place, including the conclusion of the Second World War and the development of the nuclear arms race. It was in the tumultuous time that the Space Race began. Each side had thought that their side was superior. In fact each side could really say that about themselves, each had their own view. Lifestyles of the American Astronauts and the Russian Cosmonauts differed in the ways that only can be found by comparing the two cultures and upbringings. Control methodology was also a point that these two countries disagreed on when it came to their spacecraft. Rockets used by each side of the Race were developed as time went on. And finally the Space Race came to an end with the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, marking the end of the Apollo program, and reducing tensions felt through the rest of the Cold War.

A four-year struggle known as the Indonesian National Revolution followed. After liberation from the Japanese, Dutch government high officials felt that the Indonesians were ill prepared to govern themselves, notwithstanding that maintaining the colonies after the war was a heavy financial burden for Holland, where Industry was completely demolished by the Germans. The Dutch government’s financial priority was focused on rebuilding their own infrastructure. Nevertheless, under tremendous political pressure from the American government, the Dutch finally granted Indonesia complete independence and after ten weeks of negotiations, on November 2, 1949, an agreement finally transferred Dutch rule to Indonesia, with Queen Juliana of the Netherlands residing as the ceremonial head of a new Netherlands-Indonesian Union and Achmed Sukarno as President of

Economic system is a system of beliefs (concerning work, property and wealth), activities (extractions, production and distribution), organizations(business firms, labour unions), and relationships(ownership, management) that provide the goods and services consumed by the members of a society.(Cullen 2011, p.81) The economic system is unique in that Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. There are 141 state-owned enterprises, and the government administers prices on several basic goods, including fuel, rice, and electricity. Growth rebounded in 2010 to 6.1% and is forecast to have reached 6.2%-6.5% in 2011. Poverty and unemployment have also declined despite the global financial crisis, with the poverty rate falling to 12,5% (March 2011) from 13.3% a year earlier and the unemployment rate falling to 6.6% (February 2011) from 6.8% a year earlier. In December 2011, Fitch Ratings upgraded Indonesia’s sovereign debt rating to investment grade. . There are many potential infrastructure projects in multiple sectors including hydroelectric and solar power, palm oil, new roads including toll motorways, mining, expansion of broadband internet, and

Indonesia is the largest economy in South East Asia, primary industry of industry (47%), agriculture (15%) and a service industry that makes up nearly 40% of the GDP. More than 1,000 islands totalling almost 2,000,000sq/km make up the largest archipelago in the world. In 2012 the labour force stood at 120 million, 16 times the population of NSW. So what we have is a top 20 economy with a huge workforce and natural resources worth 10s of billions a year.

Since China’s economy has emerged as a major player in the world economy, China economic performance may influence other countries including Indonesia. China’s growth could influence other countries’ growth through a number of channels (Arora & Vamvakidis 2011). First, China’s imports of commodities, processing input, and increasingly, final products have a direct positive impact on the exports and GDP trading

Worst financial crisis hit Indonesia's economy in 1997 to 1998. It caused instability in currency values, resulting Indonesian Rupiah depreciated to lowest level at 82.9% and low-level of competitiveness. This crisis had me to devote my interest to take International Economics as my education at the Faculty of Economics and Business of University of Indonesia. At my university time, I identified that exchange rate variability had a negative effect on trade and intermediate goods was one of key solutions to boost international trade.

Too much focus on commodities will not help to further grow their economy as commodity prices are generally lower than manufactured goods, and are volatile, very much determined by world market forces. When prices drop, it will affect Indonesia’s export income greatly. Therefore, a shift in focus will help to make the economy more stable.

President of Indonesia Jowo Widodo and Vice President of Indonesia Jusuf Kalla designing nine priority agenda, the nine programs were called Nawa Cita. This program was initiated to indicate priority roads changes towards a sovereign Indonesia politically, as well as independent in the field of economics and personality in culture. There are 3 point of Nawa Cita to fix the poverty : 3th Nawa Cita is to build Indonesia from the suburbs by strengthening those areas and villages in the framework of the unitary state, 5th Nawa Cita is to improve the

Ever since Indonesia has opened its economy to global forces in the mid-1980’s, the country has experienced the growth of trade and investment and the increased participation of transnational corporations in the economy. Reforming the economy has been necessary so that Indonesia can keep pace with other economies in the South-East Asian region and avoid relying too heavily on commodity exports, whose value on global markets tends to be volatile.

A developing nation is described as country that has not fully developed economically. Most citizens of these countries are living below the poverty line and are generally considered to be poor. Developing nations have more population growth than those in developed nations. Most developing nations have lower per capita income than those in developed nations. Developing nations have lower levels of human capita, particularly, as it relates to health and education. Those in developing nations have a shorter life expectancy than those in developed nations. There tends to be a higher student-teacher ratio and often receive a lower quality of education. There is a predominant level of agriculture in

Religion is an important element in Indonesian society. Investors should note that more than 90% population of Indonesia is Muslim which means the business must not break the Muslim doctrines. However, individual purchasing power increased with the strong economic growth in the past decade. The lifestyle of the younger generation changed and easily adopts the western consumer culture, which reduced the entry cost for foreign investors. For example, the

In my research paper, I will draw Indonesia as a representation of the whole Southeast Asia region. The reason for doing so is due to Indonesia’s diverse characteristic, which I believe is very representative of the region as a whole. By analyzing President Barack Obama’s speech:

Located between the Indian and Pacific oceans in the Southeast Asia, Indonesia ranked number four (as in 2014), as the most populous country in the world with 252,812,245 milion people (worldometers, n.d.). 13,194,000 million people alone are living in the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta (national geographic, n.d). It is a country consists of 17,000 islands; around 6000 islands are inhabited and Indonesia is linked to the equator (Infoplease, n.d). It is used to be colonised and under the influence of the Dutch for 347 years since 1602 (factmonster,n.d). The people of Indonesia pledged to unite and build one country, one language and one nation (Wanandi, 2002). Jusuf Wanandi (2002) stated that this is due to the Dutch colonialism in the form of the Netherlands East Indies that led to the establishment of the Indonesian nation and state. Indonesia is also known as the largest Muslim country in Southeast Asia as there are 90 percent of Indonesians are Muslim, the other would be Prostestants, Catholics, Hindus and Buddhists (Wanandi, 2002). Indonesia also famously known with their culture and customs due to its diverse nation (kwintessential,n.d.). There are more than 490 ethnic groups in the country (Wanandi, 2002). The official language is Bahasa Indonesia; a modified form of Malay language (kwintessential,n.d.). Indonesia is a country that practises a constitutional democracy. After the fall of Suharto 's (the former president of Indonesia) authoritarian New Order Regime