A Brief History of Time Summary Essay

The article ‘On the Recentness of What We Know,’ written by Verlyn Klinkenborg, is a pleasant read about the author’s fondness of astronomy and his insight regarding the science of it and knowledge gleaned from it. Klinkenborg recounts a few of his star-gazing memories and then proceeds to analyze the effects cosmological discoveries have on him personally and humanity in general. The author shares bits of theoretical history of the universe and information on the early astronomers whose hypotheses have developed that history. He goes on to reference various well known discoveries throughout the years and marvels at how drastically information in recent years has changed the stories of our universe.

The Special Theory of relativity is an acknowledged physical theory that revolutionized advancements in the relationship between space, and time. The theory is one of the most interesting discoveries that are still used today in science fiction movies such as Star Wars, and Star Trek through the use of black holes, and time travel due to it’s astonishing results, and it occurrence at speeds close to the speed light, which can be appealing to a wide range of audience. This was a harvest from six years of extremely handwork by Albert Einstein. Einstein used resources that were widely available to the public due to his economic constraints. It wasn’t until 1905, when Einstein finally had finished and published his discoveries, and gatherings

Francis Fukuyama; political scientist, economist, and author, in his article “The End of History?” discusses he rise and fall of major ideologies such as absolutism, fascism and communism, and suggests that human history should be viewed in terms of a battle of ideologies which has reached its end in the universalization of Western liberal democracy. Fukuyama concludes that the idea of Western liberal democracy has triumphed in the world through a variety of different ways and is a thriving piece of world order today. However, there are certain flaws to his argument including a US- centric view on the events of the twentieth century.

From earth, these different galaxies display a red tint. This red tint is further explained in the Doppler shift, which states that the further you go the more red an object will appear and objects that are closer will display blue tints. From this, scientists have concluded that these galaxies are moving away from us, as the universe continues to expand in all directions. These galaxies weren’t just simply placed into space though, they were created through a phenomenon known as the big bang theory, which states that the universe simply burst into existence.

Few minds of this century have had an impact like that of Stephen Hawking. His discoveries and work have expanded the forefront of knowledge with a likeness to that of Einstein and Newton. Despite the clear adversity Hawking has faced, his achievements have been nothing shore of extraordinary. His work on the understanding of space, time, and the origins of the universe has set the golden standard for theories on the universes beginnings and mysteries, proving a staple teaching of modern education which we may take for granted.

In Tom Standage’s novel, “A History of the World in 6 Glasses”, he discusses the growth of the world through the discovery and creation of some of the most popular beverages in their places of origin. He discusses each beverage where it was created, and how it affected the country socially, religiously, and politically.

Redshift is the red end of the spectrum which is radiation from distant galaxies, stars, and other objects. Astronomers found that the further we are from a star the more its light is redshifted. This tells us that galaxies are moving away from us and that the further the galaxy is the faster it moving away. The further away the galaxy the more its light is redshifted. The Theory of the Big Bang says that this expansion started billions of years ago.

“The End of History” is an article by Francis Fukuyama in which he argues that the beginning of Western Liberal democracy could be interpreted as the “end of history”. In essence he is arguing that democratic liberalism is the final product of human politics. Once this is achieved there will be a few remain issues, however all minimal. In addition to analyzing Fukuyama’s argument I will also be analyzing John Gaddis’ “The Long Peace” which addresses the structural elements of stability.

If you have ever watched an episode of the "Big Bang Theory," you know the character Sheldon's favorite Physicist is Stephen Hawking. Most commonly known today as the computer talking wheelchair-bound scientist, many do not know much more about his contributions to the science world.

Cosmological redshift is the lengthening of light waves due to the expansion of space whereas the Doppler shift is light or sound waves that are shortened or lengthened because the object is moving closer or farther away from you. These two types of shift differ because in cosmological redshift the space between the observer and the object is being stretched and in the case of Doppler shift the object itself is actually moving closer or farther

This week’s reading assignment was The End of History by Francis Fukuyama. I thought that it was a great essay that displayed the concerns on ideologies that rise and collapse such as autocracy, fascism and communism, and he proposes that history should be observed in terms of a conflict of beliefs that has reached its end in the universalization of Western liberal democracy. Fukuyama does argue that the western liberalism has triumphed even though it is still in process of materializing in the world. He mentions that it is evident that we are all moving to a more western liberal society due to the growth of western consumerism and the gradual movement that we see in countries that were not a democracy and now are transitioning to a more democratic

Despite modern culture and its influences on the unknown, a black hole is not a well understood concept even by the greatest of minds. Robert Prigo describes a black hole as “…

Stephen Hawking, a physicist cosmologist, and dreamer, main goal has always been to find out how the universe works and to determine why it exists at all (Hawking). To accomplish this goal, he creates a theory that explains the origin of the universe and the steps leading to the formation of the elements. The universe is about 14 billion years old and consists of many clusters that has approximately 400 billion stars. In fact, the Earth and everything around us are made by stars (Hawking). The Big Bang Theory is used to tell how the universe and earth was created. The universe started with a small-hot ball of energy, it went from a small atom to expanding across space within seconds. As the universe began to cool, it eventually began to create

In this paper I will be discussing the concept of the paradox, examples from Zeno and McTaggart, and how modern science has potential solved the paradox put forth by McTaggart. Both of these paradoxes have a enormous repercussion on how objective fact about the world can be understood. I claim that McTaggart’s theory of time can be solved by modern physics as Einstein’s theory of relativity makes time a relative factor in how time is understood.

Before Einstein, Scientists believed that light waves travelled through a medium called ether. Einstein proved that ether was irrelevant and that light doesn’t travel through a medium. Einstein proved this by figuring out that the speed of light was constant, and in order for ether to be the medium light waves travel through, the speed of light would change depending on the observer. This discovery was one piece of the Specific Theory of Relativity.