A Brief Look at Desalination

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Should California start to desalinate Ocean water? California should not start to desalinate ocean water

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-Article 1- Ghaffour, N., M. Missimer, T., & L. Amy, G. (2013). Desalination (Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability) (Vol. 309, pp. 197-207). Thuwal.

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The Perth Desalination plant cost a total of $387 million. The annual running costs equals $20 million which equates to less than one dollar per week per household. The water produced from the plant has been estimated to cost $1.17/kl. The plant uses 180GWh/year and is sourced from Emu Downs Wind Farm, a local renewable energy generator near Geraldton and Cervantes. Although Desalination uses more energy than other water sources (i.e. gravity feeding water out of a dam). Different measures have been put in place to make the plant as economical and environmentally sustainable such as using energy from a sustainable source and by choosing the Reverse Osmosis technology. Reverse Osmosis is more economical and environmentally sustainable than other

It begins sea water to enter the sea water intakes through the refineries so as to prevent impurities from entering the sea water pumps, which in turn pumped seawater evaporators. After that, sea water mix with sodium hypochlorite when sea water intakes before entering the evaporator in order to process biological material sticking out. This solution (sol) is treated in tanks and then is injected through the pumps in specific amount on demand. There are electric power plates next to the sea water intakes for distribute electricity power that feed pumps and other electrically equipment’s, as there is also a measurement required for this equipment and control devices. The seawater moves

Another argument opposing desalination is the environmental concerns. Many believe that since ocean water is being extracted, marine life will be disturbed. Therefore, affecting the entire ecosystem: “With the majority of desalination plants extracting water directly through open water intakes in the ocean, there is a direct impact on marine life. Fish and other marine organisms are killed on the intake screens (impingement); organisms small enough to pass through, such as plankton, fish eggs, and larvae, are killed during processing of the salt water (entrainment). The impacts on the marine environment, even for a single desalination plant, may be subject to daily, seasonal, annual, and even decadal variation, and are likely to be species- and site-specific” (Cooley).

Due to the industrial revolution and the increasing in the world population, which leads to water scarcity of potable water and water for industrial applications. To cover the increasing demand of water we have to treat the polluted or saline water using the separation techniques to produce the potable and industrial water. This process it’s called, Water Desalination. Water Desalination is the process that treats the raw water by removing the suspended solids from the water. Sustain or the feed water sources may incorporate briny water or brackish water, seawater, ground water from wells, surface water (rivers and streams), wastewater, industrial feed and process waters. Desalination of seawater has the ability to produce enough amount of

Freshwater is the most essential renewable resource for life, food production and industrial development. It is expected in the future soon the clean water resources will be deducted by one-third. The difficulty to purify water and the high cost to transport aggravates the problem of water deficits. Therefore, the exploitation of seawater and brackish-water desalination has drawn unprecedented attention. Desalination is a possibility choice to produce drinking water from Saline water, although most desalination processes are energy-consuming and expensive. The main desalination technologies currently used are reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and distillation. A drawback of the conventional desalination technologies is the intensive consumption of energy. Whereas, energy consumption has increased with an enormous trend In the last decades. Fossil fuels are a common type of non-renewable which include a huge portion of energy consumption. Despite of being nonrenewable, fossil fuels also negatively affect the human life by the emission of carbon dioxide. This limitation turn energy crisis eyes into renewable energy sources such as solar energy or energy produced from wind and water. As a result, one of the lately suggested alternative energy sources is fuel cell (FC). FC has several advantages over other types of energy generators such as zero pollution and higher efficiency.

The process of removing various salts and minerals from water through evaporation and condensation is called solar-powered desalination. Though humans use expensive equipment to speed up the process, water desalination occurs organically (“Desalination - An Overview”). In the water cycle, water increasingly becomes hotter because of the Sun. Eventually, it evaporates and leaves behind the salts and minerals it contained. When warm air containing the water vapor comes into contact with a cool surface, water droplets form; this process is called condensation. For example. water droplets can be found on a glass of lemonade if left outside on a hot summer day. This is because the glass is cool and the air is warm. ("When a Cup Is Cold, and Creates

Imagine a world where seawater is the primary source of drinking water for almost all countries. This water could provide towns and cities with safe, regulation-abiding nourishment, equipped with all the minerals and purifiers added to modern drinking water. Of course, drinking straight seawater day after day would not only taste unpleasant, it would be harmful to a person’s body. The briny mixture would have to be filtered and treated in processes similar to how wastewater is treated. But wastewater does not contain nearly as much saline as seawater, so an additional process must be put into place to fully treat seawater that is to be turned into safe drinking water. This process is called desalination, and it is already being put into practice in several different areas around the world. It has helped pull countries out of droughts and other natural disasters. Desalination is not flawless, however, and more research on cost, environmental impacts, and energy efficiency, needs to be conducted before considering it a sustainable drinking water system that the entire world can rely on.

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