A Brief Look at South Sudan

Darfur is one of the nine states of The Republic of Sudan in the southern region of Sudan. Khartoum became the capital of Sudan and “wealthy Northern Arabs from around the Nile River received control of the government. Darfur and Southern Sudan were excluded from any real power” (Levy 16). Khartoum used starvation as a weapon of war, they prevented workers from delivering food to those who needed it in the south even though Khartoum clearly knew this was a violation of international law. Due to the lack of food over 500,000 people starved to death in the years of 1992 and 1993 (20). The United States and other countries of the international community pressured Sudan to begin discussing peace talks in 2001 and in the next few years. However, even though the peace talks were signed both parties failed to hold up their end of the compromise. This continued to happen in the next few years, each time the peace talks failed (20 and 29-31). Along with the starvation, drought water shortages, crop destruction by locusts, famine, and disease were recurring problems in Darfur (18).

All beginning in the late 1980’s, General Omar Bashir took over Sudan using a military Coup, therefore allowing the National Islamic Front to worsen the problems. Weapons started to flow into Darfur because of these conflicts, and little by little the native farmers started

Have you ever heard about the civil war that sent 20,000 Sudanese children lost in afraid without anywhere to go. First we will talk about the food and water struggles of the lost boys.The next we will talk about the many casualties in the war. Last we will talk about why the war happened and why it's important.

Every story has a beginning, so does every country. The Republic of the Sudan is no exception and in 1956, the country gained its independence. Almost immediately civil unrest took hold and a military coup lead by then General Ibrahim Abboud overthrew the government in 1958. During the reign of General Abboud, the country of Sudan would be under Marshall Law. Less than 20 years later yet another military official, Colonel Jafaar Mohammed al-Nimeiry, would lead a coup and take over the state government. Later in 1972, the people of Sudan elect Col Nimeiry as the first President of the Republic. Shortly after his election, President Nimeiry orchestrates a treaty between North and South Sudan to stop the ongoing civil unrest and bloodshed. The Republic of the Sudan experiences peace for almost 10 years before another military coup removes President Nimeiry.

South Sudan has only been independent since 2011, yet it is on the brink of collapse. Why is this happening? The country has abundant resources (Sarwar 177; Ploch 16) and has gained independence after decades of conflict (Sarwar 172-174). To begin to understand the situation, the original history of Sudan must be examined (Zambakari 516; Jok 69). Its place in the African continental history is important as well because most of the continent developed under colonialism. The independence of South Sudan on July 9, 2011, created a nation immediately at risk due to colonial history, diverse populations in opposition, and fragile infrastructure. (Working thesis statement) To succeed, South Sudan has to overcome its history of

Genocides are things that are very scary and terrible to talk about but when they happen because it causes people to lose family and friends genocides make enemies of people who were friends and once loved each other but there are some people who did not look at it that way they were uneasy and worried to begin with. Sudan as a whole has already dealt with many of violent confrontations since its independence from Great Britain in 1956.

From 1987 to 2011, over twenty-three years, Ben Ali served as the country’s president by preserving his electoral advantages while suppressing his opponents’ campaigning. In 1987, Ben Ali served as the prime minister for Tunisia, and thereafter, he removed the previous president for being “unfit” and elected himself as the country’s highest leader. Following this, he victoriously maintained his position as Tunisia’s leader in the 1989 elections and for the next four elections (Ben Ali, Zine El-Abidine); he won with more than 95 % of the votes for all the elections (El-Khawas,

The first struggle Francis faced involved cooking. He made it to his apartment and realized that he was hungry. Consequently, he couldn’t read the labels on the food cans and he was unable to cook any food. Ahmed brought Francis a pizza but he doesn’t like the look of it and thinks it’s messy. “But I did not like Ahmed’s present.” It did not look like good food to me; it seemed messy (164). His bed, another problem gave him havoc every night. It was made for americans, not 6 foot 6 Sudanese men. Francis had trouble getting around in Fargo. Francis’s transportation, a bike didn’t ride well in the snow. “One second I’m riding my bike, the next I’m a snowman” (172). Even though Francis made good money he still had trouble with the hard labor at

The British came over to take control of Sudan in 1898, because they wanted the Suez Canal that was constructed in 1869 to be a part of the route that would help be a flourishing portion to India and to conserve their interests in Egypt. Sudan was a community ruled by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, however, Egypt in reality had very scarce power over Sudan, because Egypt ruled as if it was alongside under the control of the British. The British did not have enough power to rule the entire country of Sudan while they attempted to have power over half of the world, so they had to split it up which is called the divide and rule policy. The separating of provinces slowed down the progression in their social and economical lives in Southern Sudan.

After years of fighting the North for our freedom the fight has finally ended. The North and the South finally decided that the best interest of sides was to end the war. The sides had agreed on treaty to end the war. It is a quite amazing time for the people of South Sudan. We are finally no longer under the control of people who brushed us off their shoulders. South Sudan is free and that is something to celebrate.

South Sudan has a long history of violence, chances for economic success, and geographic position that would suggest success in development, but the very issues that should increase the development cause issues in South Sudan. South Sudan became an independent country from Sudan on July 9, 2011 and has a population between 7.5-10 million people about 50.6% of which live under the poverty line (“South Sudan” The World Factbook and “South Sudan country profile”). The journey to independence has been long; however, in 1956 the entirety of Sudan gained independence from the British and Egyptian colonial rule, which is when the conflict between the southern portion of the country began (“South Sudan country profile”). The south thought that the government was backing out of a promise of a federal government and attempting to convert the whole country to islamic beliefs (“South Sudan profile- overview”). Civil war began in 1955 for the same reason and

In both Sudan and South Sudan had a lot of conflict over a number of things like over oil because even though South Sudan is rich with oil, both the countries are fighting about it, because of the differences in religion groups and ethnic groups which are people who support a certain group millions have died and been forced to move from their homes. And this all started when people from both sides had different thoughts and that led to a civil war which then led to the two countries splitting. Some tribes even had conflict over land . Some of the main people in these events were the government of Sudan and South Sudan, South Sudanese, and the president and his deputy. Some of these events and other events happened at different times. For

Disagreements between the group members started, three of my friends said we had to sleep until the sunrise since we already crossed the border and we could walk in the morning and make it to the city. My friend and I said we have to keep going and make it to the city. Since they were three who said we should rest, we rested. The Sudanese border patrol saw us while we were crossing the border and did not want to follow at that moment. They kept an eye on us since they were in a very close checkpoint and knew we were resting. Early in the morning they showed up and took us to their checkpoint. They asked us if we spoke Arabic and I was the only one who knew a few Arabic. They started threatening. They started talking about an immediate deportation back to our country because we crossed the border illegally.

The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars: Peace or Truce by Douglas H. Johnson is a phenomenal investigative account of North and South Sudan. The book should be praised for providing an insightful introduction into Sudanese domestic and foreign affairs. Although particular sections in the book are tough to understand with no background knowledge, Johnson makes his argument available to a broad set of readers. Johnson offers a precise and detailed argument that explains how the country resulted in war by the past and present history of the country. The book argues that Sudan has maintained a corrupt relationship with its borders. Johnson explains his analysis by the examples of the First Civil War, in addition to his main focus on the

The idea behind the integration of south and northern Sudan was an attempt to end the long term suffering of the Sudan and south Sudan population during the 19th and 20th centuries of being under the colonial rule of the Egypt and Britain and the “post-independence northern regime”, in Sudan. Egypt and Britain agreed upon giving Sudan independence by Arab Muslims in the North, Christians of the Southern Sudan and other minorities to join each other to form one Sudan nation.