A Brief Note On Children With Down 's Syndrome

Answer: out of 46 chromosomes, 44 are autosomal. The remaining 2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes. Chromosomal disorder Down syndrome/ trisomy 21: having an extra chromosome for the 21st pair causes Down syndrome. This here would be sex linked because your sex chromosomes are the ones who determine if you are to have the disorder. Also because your parents are the ones who are passing their chromosomes and those sex chromosomes are what makes you.

A child that is born with Down syndrome has a condition called trisomy 21. The term trisomy is described as the chromosomal error that results in a specific chromosome to have three copies. Therefore, in a case of Down syndrome, there are three copies of chromosome 21 in their DNA. A child with Down syndrome has a higher risk of hearing loss, heart abnormalities, and hypothyroidism.

Down syndrome is characterized by three different types: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. The cause of Trisomy 21 is

Down syndrome is the most common chromosome disorder in the world. One out of 700-900 babies will be born worldwide will have Down syndrome, although the average is slightly lower in Australia for an unknown reason. Down syndrome

Down syndrome is a disability where a person has more than two of the chromosome 21 (Routh 6). There are three different types of Down syndrome, Standard Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaic Down syndrome. Standard trisomy is the most most common type of Down syndrome, and it appears in ninety-five percent of all Down syndrome cases. Translocation is when a patient has an extra piece broken off the original chromosome 21. It sticks onto another chromosome. It sometimes can be inherited. The final type is Mosaic, it has an extra chromosome 21 in some cells, but not all. With Mosaic, the harshness of some effects depend on the number of cells that have an extra chromosome 21 and where they are located (14). Overall about 4,000 people are affected by Down syndrome. Boys are more likely to be affected than girls(18), and the older the mother is when pregnant, the higher the risk(44).

Cause/ Type of mutation: The most common form of Down syndrome is identified as trisomy 21. It’s a condition in which individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46. The cause of trisomy 21 is due to an error in cell division which is identified as nondisjunction in which leaves a sperm or egg cell with an extra copy of chromosomes 21 before or at conception.

Chromosomes are like computers, ‘carrying genetic information in the form of genes’. These chromosomes determine your hair color, eye color, skin color, etc. Every human contains 42 chromosomes, only two of them determine the gender of the person. During the reproductive system however, the mother gives 23 chromosomes and the father gives 23 chromosomes as well. Sometimes during the reproduction system, one parent gives 24 chromosomes which will affect the child later in his or her life after birth.

Cells are the basis for human life. During conception, a sperm cell joins a fertile egg to begin the process of procreation. Contained in the nucleus of these cells are a threadlike structure made up of acids and proteins called chromosomes which carry genetic information. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell for a total of 46 chromosomes (Wiseman et al., 2009). When a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes unite, they begin to form a fetus with appropriate genetic makeup. In some cases, however, sperm cells and eggs have extra chromosomes which result in genetic disorders. Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans and is the result of an abnormality of chromosome 21 (Patterson, 2009).

Down syndrome, or also known as trisomy 21, describes a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from an extra copy or part of a copy of chromosome (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). Chromosomes carry the genes that tell the body to develop in certain ways and to perform certain functions. Most cells of the human body contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). People with Down syndrome have either a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21, for a total of 47 chromosomes (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012). The extra chromosome disrupts the normal course of development and results in the physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities associated with the syndrome (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2012).

To begin ,Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that results when a person inherits all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This can occur in a variety of ways, the causes of which are unknown. The most common chromosomal abnormality that produces Down syndrome (accounting for 95% of all cases) is Trisomy 21, a defect in which an extra, third copy chromosome is present in every cell in the body. According to Parenting Magazine the number of Down syndrome births is relatively low for 18-yr-old mothers—1 in about 2100 births. In the later childbearing years the risk in creases—1 in 1000 births for 30-yr-old women to 1 in about 100 births for 40-yr-old women. Two other chromosomal abnormalities cause Down syndrome and occur in about

Down syndrome is a disability where a person has more than two of the chromosome 21 (Routh 6). There are three different types of Down syndrome, Standard Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaic Down syndrome. Standard trisomy is the most common type of Down syndrome, and it appears in ninety-five percent of all Down syndrome cases. Translocation is when a patient has an extra piece broken off the original chromosome 21. It sticks onto another chromosome. It sometimes can be inherited. The final type is Mosaic, which has an extra chromosome 21 in some cells, but not all. With Mosaic, the harshness of some effects depends on the number of cells that have an extra chromosome 21 and where they are located (14). Overall about 4,000 people are affected by Down syndrome. Boys are more likely to be affected than girls(18), and the older the mother is when pregnant, the higher the risk(44).

Down syndrome has three different types of occurrence, Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaicism. Trisomy 21 is the most common one and it accounts for 95% of all cases. It is a congenital disorder which consists of having a whole extra chromosome in the 21st pair of chromosomes in every cell of the body; the person ends up having 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. Down syndrome was named after Dr. John Langdon Down, an English Physician, who, in 1866, was the first ever to describe the characteristic physical features of this disorder. And it is a considered a syndrome because it is a condition in which many features occur all together. Down syndrome in general is a very common given that for every 700 born babies 1 will have this disorder, and the chances increase with age of the mother (Figure 1). For unknown reasons, trisomy 21 is more common in girls than it is in boys.

As human beings we have 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosome 21 is one of those pairs. There are two copies of chromosome 21, one from each parent. This chromosome is the smallest chromosome in the human body. There are approximately 200 to 300 genes on chromosome 21. The main job that this chromosome as a whole has is simple. The sole purpose of chromosome 21 is to manufacture protein cells.

Down syndrome is a disability where a person has more than two of the chromosome 21 (Routh 6). There are three different types of Down syndrome, Standard Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaic Down syndrome. Standard trisomy is the most common type of Down syndrome, and it appears in ninety-five percent of all Down syndrome cases. Translocation is when a patient has an extra piece broken off the original chromosome 21. It sticks onto another chromosome. It sometimes can be inherited. The final type is Mosaic, which has an extra chromosome 21 in some cells, but not all. With Mosaic, the harshness of some effects depend on the number of cells that have an extra chromosome 21 and where they are located (14). Overall about 4,000 people are affected by Down syndrome. Boys are more likely to be affected than girls(18), and the older the mother is when pregnant, the higher the risk(44).

A chromosomal disorder is caused by an abundance or reduction of genes on the chromosomes. This type of disorder may also be caused by structural changes within these chromosomes; this is known as an aneuploidy (Porth, 2015). The most common chromosomal disorder is Down syndrome of which there are three types: complete trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism (Porth, 2015). Since its first identification in 1866, researchers have become more knowledgeable about the etiology of Down syndrome. When one studies etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Down syndrome, he or she will begin to understand multiple chromosomal disorders.