A Brief Note On Diabetic Kidney Disease ( Dkd )

Type 2 diabetes self-management education is necessary to prevent the development of long- term health complications associated with poor metabolic control in individuals with diabetes (Kennedy, 2012). The national average of adults who attended diabetes self-management education changed little from 51.4% in the year 2000 to 57.4% in 2010 (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2014). A Healthy People 2020 goal is to increase the number of adults who receive diabetes education by 10% (HealthyPeople.gov, 2014). Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions, accounting for 90-95% of diabetes cases. Complications related to uncontrolled diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, lower-extremity amputations, stroke and heart disease. Poorly controlled diabetes is one of the primary causes of kidney failure, with 10-20% of people with diabetes dying from kidney failure. Cardiovascular disease accounts for 50% of deaths in people with diabetes (Kennedy, 2012).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main

Childhood diabetes is a big problem in children and the impact that it has on the United States. It’s a shock to really read that there are so many children who is suffering from juvenile diabetes. In addition, this research will discuss how diabetes can affect not only the inside of the body, but the outside of the body too. As you may know that this type of illness has some warning signs and symptoms that not only are like other diseases. Reading this paper will help everyone understand that diabetes is an illness that many Americans deal with daily. This paper will discuss how parents or older children bad health choices makes them more prone to becoming at elevated risk for having diabetes. We will also take a closer look at a few of

Diabetic Nephropathy often begins with hyperglycemia due to an increase of osmotic pressure (William & Hopper, 2011). It then leads to cell expansion and an increase in glomerular filtration rate or (GHR) (William & Hopper, 2011). Thus, kidneys will then receive less blood supply due to atherosclerosis of blood vessels (William & Hopper, 2011). Protein then will leak into the urine due to the capillaries in the glomerular thickining (William & Hopper, 2011). Theses patients most often have problems completely emptying the bladder of urine (William & Hopper, 2011). Most often they will report massive edema and nephrotic syndrome due to the high levels of protein in the urine (William & Hopper, 2011). The patient at this

Although, diabetic nephropathy is a devastating disease that ruins the kidneys; there is a demoralizing and social aspect of renal failure and diabetes. Being diagnosed with this disease can lead

It is often associated with cardiovascular diseases which cause an increase in the mortality of diabetic patients. According to Duran-Salgado & Rubio-Guerra (2014), Diabetic nephropathy occurs in nearly about one-third of patients that have type 1 Diabetes mellitus and around 25% of patients that have type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is usually characterized by glomerular hypertrophy, thickness of the basement, tubular and glomerular membranes and accumulation of extracellular matrix in these membranes that causes the tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and sclerosis. The two main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, but the genetic susceptibility in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is of great importance. Other risk factors included are smoking, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, glomerular hyperfiltration and dietary factors. Zelmanovitz et al. (2009) reported in their study that the prevalence of Diabetic nephropathy varies according to ethnicity as the results indicate that it is higher or more common in African-Americans, Asians and Native-Americans than in

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is considered an auto-immune disorder characterized by a lack of insulin production caused by the body’s own destruction of pancreatic cells. The body needs insulin to process and store glucose for energy, and a lack of production causes blood glucose levels to become elevated. Roughly 5-10% of those who are diagnosed with diabetes fall into the type 1 category with numbers expected to grow with the next 20 years (Albright, 2013, p. 91). While diagnosis can occur at any age, a significantly large part of the type 1 diabetic community is diagnosed as children and adolescents, which is why type 1 diabetes is often referred to as juvenile onset, presenting itself between the ages of 5 and 7 years. In an online journal, Atkinson, Eisenbarth, and Michels (2013) explored the prevalence of type 1 diabetes within males and females

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney diseases worldwide and most of the affected patients have T2DM. A considerable number of patients newly diagnosed with T2DM may already have developed nephropathy due to a preceding period of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance [11]. According to the classification of American Diabetes Association, DN is divided into three stages, incipient nephropathy (micro-albuminuria), clinical diabetic nephropathy (macro-albuminuria) and ESRD. To diagnose those DN patients in its early stage can effectively prevent or delay the progression to ESRD [12]. Renal biopsy is a useful way to diagnose DN but is an invasive method so we are in need to simple, accurate and non-invasive test for early diagnosis and/or monitoring DN progression [13]. Several mechanisms, including hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main contributors to DN pathogenesis through activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling which is the key regulator of inflammation and apoptosis [14].

Chronic renal disease is a universal health puzzle and now consider one of the leading causes of death in the world [107].

The symptoms of diabetic nephropathy are normally not present in the early stages but as time goes on and the kidney function worsens, many symptoms can appear.

I was intrigued by the theme of your Thread Discussion this week since I am the Outpatient Diabetes Educator and come across numerous patients with renal disease who stare at the face of the only life-saving option - dialysis. As you indicated, it is imperative to educate these patients on continuous self -care to avoid this dreadful treatment and prevent further complications related to lack of taking timely interventions. Because diabetes-related nephropathy is on many occasions a sad repercussion of a person's non-compliance resulting in a poor glycemic control which creates a devastating recipe for renal disease, the healthcare providers must focus on early prevention and self-care education. However, in my current position, I am exposed

Over time, diabetic patients can affect the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The adults with diabetic will be at risk of getting heart attacks and stroke because of micro vascular and macro vascular involvement. Cases associated with decreased lower blood circulation and neurological damage (nerve damage) increase the likelihood of foot ulcers with infection and infiltration leads to lower limb amputations. Diabetes may be responsible for 2.6% of global blindness. Diabetic is a major cause of kidney failure

By definition, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is typically macroalbuminuria and abnormal kidney function. Macroalbuminuria is regarded as an excretion of albumin in the urine in excess of 300 mg over a 24-hour period. Kidney function is taken as abnormal in cases where there are abnormalities in serum creatinine, the calculated clearance of serum creatinine or glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

In order to further investigate the aetiology and pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, papers were reviewed through 2000 using the NIH PubMed Literature Search System. Inclusion criteria were that manuscripts 1) be primary peer-review research article; 2) concisely explained, or investigated, the pathophysiology of renal microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes; 3) be published in English.

Diabetes is highly prevalent condition, affecting 8.2 % of adults globally or 382 million people. Incidence is increasing with a estimated global prevalence of 592 million people by 2035. It further results in Chronic kidney disease & further may lead to ESKD(End-Stage Kidney Disease).