A Brief Note On Diabetic Retinopathy ( Dr ) Is A Common Microvascular Complication

See the eye doctor. An ophthalmologist can check you for diabetes-related eye disease. Not everyone with diabetes develops vision problems, but most are very treatable and catching them early helps.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects 9.3% of the U.S population. The prevalence is much higher in the population of age 65 or older, reaching 25.9%. It was the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S in 2010, evidenced by a total of 234,051 certificates including both underlying causes and contributing causes. Multiple factors contribute to the development of diabetes, although the exact pathogenesis is still undetermined. Patients with diabetes usually require a lifestyle change, diet modification, medication management, or even surgery to control symptoms or disease progression.

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels damage retinal blood vessels, impacting the light-sensitive tissue that allows people to see fine details. The small vessel disease will develop in more than half of all people who have either form of diabetes, and it is the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness among working-age Americans, according to the American Society of Retina Specialist. Symptoms may

These changes typically affect small blood vessels in the eye and compromise the blood-retinal barrier. When viewing the retina with the use of an ophthalmoscope or via retinal imaging, haemorrhages appearing as small red spots can be seen which are leaks in the blood vessels. Overtime these tiny leaks within the affected blood vessels create inflammation within the retina. As a result of these inflammatory processes, the retina releases angiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors include the production of new blood vessels within the eye. These new blood vessels don’t have tight junctions and are therefore extremely leaky. If diabetic retinopathy is not treated it can result in severe scarring on the retina which evidently gives reduction in

Globally, an estimated 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014. The prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in adult population. In the past ten years, diabetes prevalence has risen faster in low and middle income countries in comparison to high-income countries. Diabetes is responsible for 1.5 million deaths in 2012 (World Health Organization, 2016).

The main symptom of this condition is a sudden and painless vision loss or blurring in one eye. Other symptoms include:

The eye plays an essential role in the human body. Being able to see and perceive objects by an individual lies fairly on the judgment of the eyes. Cataracts are painless and gradual whereas glaucoma can either be slow and subtle or quick and painful. A cataract is highly likely to result in cloudiness in the eye since light is prevented from entering it correctly (Tzu et al., 2015). According to Jensen (2015), glaucoma leads to a buildup of pressure in the eye, the resultant effect is usually a damaged optic nerve, and has the potential of causing permanent blindness. For a patient battling with diabetes mellitus, they are highly likely to develop diabetic retinopathy. This condition is usually shown by ocular hemorrhages, increased vascular

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause damage to many end organs, including the eye if it is not controlled.1 Diabetic macular edema is one of the many complications that can occur from Diabetes Mellitus. It defined as swelling or thickening of the eye’s macula, which results from blood vessels in the retina leaking fluids.2 The retina and macula work together to allow for sharp central vision.1 When individuals with Diabetes Mellitus have poorly controlled hyperglycemia, the blood vessels in the eye are weakened and can leak fluid.1 As a result, fluid is able to permeate into the retina and macula making these areas swell, which ultimately results in loss of vision.1 A consequence of diabetic macular edema involves the activation

Diabetes is a common diseases and has become an observably global public health problem, its related complications lower the quality of people’s lives and generate enormous economic and social burdens and there have been not effective measures to fully cope with the diseases. People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy and cataract which, if left untreated, can lead to poor vision and blindness.

A condition that can be caused by diabetes in which the retina can have internal hemorrhaging or edema, which would cause a loss of sight.

Some of the commonly seen retinal and vitreous disorders are macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, retinal vascular disease, ocular inflammatory disease, wet macular degeneration, and macular hole. If you are experiencing any difficulty with your eye that is continuous

Diabetes affect organs in the long run, leading to serious complications. These complications can be classified as microvascular or macrovascular. Microvascular complications include nervous system damage (neuropathy), renal system damage (nephropathy) and eye damage (retinopathy).[1] Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases, in which the person has high blood glucose, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both ("Diabetes with Intranasal Light Therapy – (Mediclights Research Inc", 2016). People with diabetes are at risk for long-term problems affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, feet, and nerves. The best way to prevent or delay these problems is to control your blood sugar and take good care of yourself. (Roxanne B. Sukol, Kristin Kirkpatrick, Scott Burg, Mark Hyman, & Brooke Gurland, 2012). These problems can be referred to as complications. Sometimes people with diabetes don 't realize that they have the disease until they begin

All the forms of diabetes have chronic hyperglycemia as common symptom which leads to the development of many of diabetes-specific disorders. These include microvascular disorders (due to the damage to small blood vessels) affecting vessels of retina, renal glomerulus, peripheral nerve and/or accelerated atherosclerotic macrovascular disorders (due to damage to larger blood vessels) affecting arteries that supply the heart, brain and lower extremities (Fowler, 2011). The microvascular pathologies make diabetes a leading cause of blindness, end-stage renal disease and a variety of unbearable neuropathies (Control et al., 1993; Turner et al., 1998).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of vision loss in working aged individuals in developed countries. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy [1]. It was shown that the 10-year cumulative incidence of diabetic macular edema was 20.1% in type 1 diabetes and 25.4% in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin [2]. The management of DME includes strict glycemic and blood pressure control [3-5]. Argon laser treatment for clinically significant macular edema (CSME) has been the mainstay treatment according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) study that demonstrated a 50% reduction in moderate visual loss following focal laser photocoagulation [6,7].