A Brief Note On Environmental Health And Epidemiology

Our bodies are not simply a matter of biology when it comes to health problems. Health behaviors can come from a vast amount of sources. Our diet, hazardous habits, such as smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, and genetic hereditary concerns, are factors we are used to acknowledging as the cause for a decline in our health. Biology is not the only factor that creates health issues in our bodies. It is intertwined with social and economic situations in complex ways that build upon each other to contribute to health issues as well. They are considered to be health variations because they are not only measured by biological factors that affect a healthy environment, but also measure unequal accessibility to important factors, socially and economically. Because of health variations, our physical condition is affected by social and economic determinants that also shape the way we perceive and categorize our well-being and how the body reacts to such determinants.

Environmental health is concerned with the natural and built environment. The built environment includes buildings, parks, water and energy infrastructure, and transportation systems. The natural environment includes vegetation, air, water, climate, radiation, and heat.

of these environmental issues are man made and could have been prevented if precautions and

During the last two centuries, there has been an increase in the average number of people who expect to live longer in more economically developed countries .This can be attributed to many factors which are included improved life style, access to health care ,better education and employment, but many people who live in less economically developed countries do not have opportunities to live longer because there are many factors that affect their health. They make their lives more challenging such as poverty, race, gender, weather and so on. This essay will describe the lifestyle and the environment factors which affect people 's health.

Horrigan L., Lawrence R. S., & Walker, P. How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 (5), 445-456.

In spite of the genetics key role in autism, it has been observed that multiple environmental factors modulate the already existing genetic factors responsible for ASDs manifestations in individual children. Although now under investigation, they may represent a “second-hit” phenomenon that operates through their interaction with genetic susceptibility during vulnerable periods of brain development (Johnson, Myers, & , 2007) (Lawler, et al , 2004)

The doubt surrounding possible threats to environment has often been used as a reason to avoid taking action to protect the environment. However, it is not always possible to have clear evidence of a threat to the environment before the damage happens. The Precautionary Principle has been widely incorporated, in various forms, in international environmental agreements and declarations and further developed in a number of national laws. An element common to the various formulations of the Precautionary Principle is the recognition that lack of certainty regarding the threat of environmental harm should not be used as an excuse for not taking action to avert that threat. The Precautionary Principle recognizes that delaying action until there

Breck Erickson “Based on animal research with GM (genetically modified) foods, the American Academy of Environmental Medicines (AAEM), an international organization of physicians, says that there are serious health risks associated with eating GM foods.” for these reasons we should not allow farmers to use GM products (2011, Smith). Based on many studies there are very many reasons to ban GMOs (Genetically Mortified Organisms). Although there are a few positive effects to GMOs like not having to spray the fields with different herbicides and pesticides, there are also many unfavorable reasons to use and ban GMOs. These include slight differences in yields, the inability to track GMOs in sugars, and the negative health effects.

to mucosal surfaces that are in direct contact with the environment, such as the skin and

Skin cancer is becoming a significant and an increasing health problem worldwide. The main cause of this type of cancer is due to the damage done by the Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sun. There are many other causes and behaviors which contribute towards skin cancer. Protecting the skin from sun by wearing appropriate clothing, a sunscreen with appropriate sun protection factor and avoiding the sun are few recommended activities to prevent skin cancer. Researchers have shown a wide range of data and statistics on skin cancer among different age group, culture/race and gender. This paper focuses on two broad

Many scientific researchers have said that our environment has been filled with toxic chemicals, which us humans have had a part of. There are many different issues that should concern us surrounding these toxic chemicals. The major concern is that many of these toxic chemicals have been claimed to be causing damage to the health of humans and even other life forms. Another concern is that most of the theses toxic chemicals have just recently been produced; and by our environment changing everyday there is no telling what effects these toxic chemicals may have in the long run on the public 's health. Just about all of these toxic chemicals exist in the way they do because of humans. As humans we practice a lot of different activities that cause toxic chemicals to pollute our environment such as, agriculture, industrial, and many domestic activities as well. Many of the toxic chemicals that we produce and use don 't get used in a effective way, which causes them to be wasted, left abandoned, and disposed of. When toxic chemicals are not disposed of properly they effect the environment and the public 's health in a negative way.

Industrial development of the past 200 years has brought immeasurable wealth and prosperity. However, it has also caused unintended eco- logical degradation and pollution (Shrivastava, 1995). Pollution is defined as “the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse changes (Khamis, 2017). Pollution is a worldwide problem that affects humans on a day-day basis causing disastrous and deleterious effects that eventually lead to loss of life. Pollution can be of various types; it can be in form of chemical energy, light, heat, noise. These are referred to as pollutants and most are as a result of human activities. The drastic effect of these activities greatly endangers life and has a lasting impact on the sustainability of the environment. This is why the issue of pollution is of utmost importance to every individual as it will affect the quality of life of the human race if its rapid progression is not curtailed.

The editors at Grist all have degrees in their respective fields and many seem to have journalism experience prior to being a part of Grist. Grist’s team credentials instill a sense of credibility for the site. The site has a dot-org web address which I generally do not blindly trust. However, after looking at the credentials of the team putting together this site, I am more confident that this site is a trustworthy one. Grist seems to provide accurate info that is regularly updated and relevant. Grist also provides

Smog is fundamentally gotten from the converging of two words; smoke and haze. Smog is likewise used to portray the sort of mist which has smoke or sediment in it. Smog is a yellowish or blackish haze framed principally by a blend of poisons in the climate which comprises of fine particles and ground level ozone. Smog which happens principally on account of air contamination, can likewise be characterized as a blend of different gasses with tidy and water vapor. Smog additionally alludes to foggy air that makes breathing troublesome.

Scientists believe that a pleasant environment can relieve mental stress. However, there is a poor understanding of how the environment affects human health, due to lack of conclusive study in this field. The relationship between people and their environment is known as topophilia. Ogunseitan pinpoints the main characteristics of restorative landscapes in a representative population, according to the four categories connected to topophilia: synesthetic tendency (the combination of sensory stimuli and memory of a place), environmental familiarity, cognitive challenge, and ecodiversity. In Ogunseitan’s study, he assessed stressed humans using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) quality of life survey (WHOQOL-Bref). Quality of life (QOL) can be defined as someone’s satisfaction of their life, factoring in their culture, values, standards, goals, and expectations. This 26-question WHOQOL-Bref survey shows reliability across the four domains of health: physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental support. In his study, Ogunseitan hypothesized that those with a high QOL have a higher probability paying attention to their environment, and that the preference for ecodiversity corresponds to high QOL. Ogunseitan used WHOQOL-Bref surveys that asked people about their preference for flowers, water bodies, etc. The results highlight specific characteristics of environments and landscapes that have a higher probability of increasing QOL and