A Brief Note On Kashmir And Historical Perspective

This leads to the Declaration of Independence which was adopted July 4, 1776. This document was meant as a self-esteem boost for the new Americans; giving them inalienable rights. “The most important statement in the declaration is the human rights, where the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are extolled” (Gaynor). “He [Thomas Jefferson] wrote: "... it was intended to be an expression of the American mind" (Early America). Jefferson meant that the American people wanted freedom from high taxes and the big government in England.

Enlightenment thinkers, also known as philosophers had a major impact on the American and French Revolution. Philosophers from the 1700s influenced the making of two documents known as United States’ Declaration of Independence and France’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. The Declaration of Independence is a document that was written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. It reflects the beliefs of enlightenment philosopher, John Locke. Written in 1793 by Marquis de Lafayette, the Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen was influenced by the beliefs of Voltaire, another Enlightenment thinker. John Locke didn’t like the idea of absolute monarchy. He favored the idea of self- government and equal rights. Locke believed that the

There’s a beautiful quote by Marcus Tullius Cicero saying that “The pursuit, even of the best things, ought to be calm and tranquil.” Many people say that to get rid of your boring daily routine, it is important that you take some day off and visit a beautiful place. It will not only prove to be recreational but also you can get to know something interesting about the culture and heritage of that place. I’ve been on a vacation to many places but there’s one which no one can resist going to- Kashmir.

The Declaration of Independence was to be legal approval in 1776, to be followed by the Constitution of the United States of America. And the idea for a national framework of structural importance to American history, democracy set out in these documents were to have a great impact on legislator and political thinkers

India and Pakistan have been at odds for over seven decades since the partition that caused each to define itself in opposition to the other, and they have fought four wars since. The primary point of contention between the two countries is the Kashmir dispute, which dates back to 1947. After the Indian subcontinent divided, there was the issue of 650 states existing within the two newly independent countries. These states, which were each run by separate monarchies, had the choice to decide which country to join, or of remaining independent. In practice, the restive population of each province proved decisive. Although many princes wanted their territories to remain independent states, which would have meant hereditary monarchies and no

Although Thomas Jefferson gets credit for writing the Declaration of Independence, one must first understand where most of the ideas came from. According to Dr. Vaughn Huckfeldt during a class lecture, an English philosopher by the name of John Locke developed his own political views and published them in the late 1600’s in his Two Treatises of Government. At the beginning of the Declaration, it is mentioned that all men are entitled with “certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” In Locke’s 2nd Treatise of Government, he begins by using his theory of the state of nature in order to define the nature of power. Locke describes the state of nature as a place of equality in which no one person has any power over another and all people are free to do as they please. He argues that although the state of nature is a place of perfect freedom, it is still governed by natural law.

The Declaration of Independence formalized the colonies' separation from Britain and laid out the Enlightenment values (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" upon which the American Revolution was based.

Since 1947 when India gained independence from British rule and Pakistan was formed, India and Pakistan have fought over the state of Jammu and Kashmir, a fight which has increased the conflict. The conflict over Kashmir is located in the heart of South Central Asia and shares borders with Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and India. It has a population of 12.4 million. After the Buddhist and Hindu rule, Kashmir was converted into Islam and became part of mogul empire in 1586. After the British rule, Maharaja Hari Singh was unable to decide which dominion the state of Kashmir secede to. The decision was to stay independent. In the decision to control the region, the two countries have been involved in numerous war- the war in 1948 and 1965, the Kargil war of 1999. Kashmir is divided into three regions: one controlled by India, one controlled by Pakistan and a small area controlled by China. The current Kashmir conflict is supposed to be solved through bilateral talks, but both India and Pakistan threatens the peace and security over the region by attacking and killing soldiers over the control of line. Where once Kashmir was beautiful, it is now a state where people live in fear for their lives.

The issue between the two religions date back before Great Britain colonized the country. In 1846, a Hindu Maharaja ruled the land. His distain for the Muslim population led to poor living conditions. Although the majority of the population was Muslim, The current ruling class was Hindus. As tension between the two cultures grew, so did the difficulty maintaining control. The Muslim population wanted to be separated from the king, which led to the beginning of Pakistan. This separation seemed like a logical solution to the British. The land was then partition the created the countries of Pakistan and India. In the middle of turmoil, Great Britain struggled to maintain control. Great Britain’s colonization of the Kashmir region lasted from 1858 to 1947. Great Britain withdrew their claim to Kashmir and India gained its independence in 1947 (Potter

Tensions between India and Pakistan can be traced to the partition of British India to form independent India and Pakistan in 1947. The princely states were forced to decide whether to accede to either Pakistan or India. This British policy opened the region up to conflict over the princely state of Kashmir and two others. The territorial dispute over Kashmir led to the First Kashmir War in 1947. This paper attempts to explain this conflict using different levels of analysis. This paper first explains the historical context of the war to show the causes of the war. Then this paper goes on to explain the war using different levels to analysis to determine that dyadic levels and individual decision making levels all explain the First Kashmir War occurred. The steps to war theory, rational choice, and psychological models all help to explain why Pakistan and India decided went to war over the Kashmir Region.

Kashmir Conflict has been around since 1947. It is also the key point or the reasons why India and Pakistan did not get along well. Because of this, the diplomatic relationships between the two countries are on the fire and both countries has been witnesses few war to fought over Kashmir. Behind this conflicts, we can find a lot of other historical events that happen due to this among this is a country name Bangladesh was born from East Pakistan. This article is designed to help explain the situation in the region and the significance of Kashmir to India and Pakistan. To accomplish this goal we will first discuss the genesis of the conflict and the benefit of Kashmir interns of resources,

Historical truth, however, does not side with Pakistan on Kashmir. The exiting British Raj in 1947 had both the Muslim League and Indian National Congress sign off on the Indian Independence Act. This legislation simplified, or so everyone thought, the divvying up of British India into the sovereign republics of India and Pakistan.

Topic: The question of self determination for non- sovereign regions seeking to exercise substantial autonomy- The Kashmir story.

The Kashmir dispute dates from 1947. The partition of the Indian sub-continent along spiritual lines diode to the formation of India and Asian country. However, there remained the problem of over 650 states, run by princes, existing within the 2 freshly freelance countries.

The problem arose from the day the British through its East India Company wanted to establish its rule over India for which in order to improve its economy sold Kashmir for a meager Rs.75 lacks to then Dogra Ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh under Amritsar Treaty. This led to “QUIT KASHMIR” movement for a long period.