A Brief Note On Landfill With Electricity Recovery

In Mantua Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, privately owned land once stood as one of the most hazardous waste sites in the United States. This site known as the Helen Kramer Landfill included 66-acres of waste, 11 acres of unfavorably conditioned vegetation, and no onsite residents. Prior to the early 1960’s, Helen Keller landfill was a sand and gravel excavation operation, but soon began to incorporate the disposal of waste material for about a decade. After the landfill received numerous inspections and notices between 1971 and 1977, the owner Helen Kramer was informed to cease operation of the landfill. As New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection reports indicated and area residents stated, “sporadic chemical

Coal ash is known to contain a number of different toxic metals, the exact content dependent upon the coal it is formed from. Containing this potential pollution hazard is an expensive problem, as approximately 75% of all ash generated is stored in landfills. In these sites, rainwater can leach out toxic metals including mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, lead and selenium. As over 500 million tons of ash are produced each year, there’s an increasing environmental health hazard to the surrounding water systems of these landfills. Pollution can spread to municipal water systems and potentially poison humans. As such, figuring out a better solution to deal with the unused coal ash is of significant importance. Current uses of coal ash primarily include the formation of concrete due the pozzolanic properties of coal

Fresh Kills Landfill, the largest landfill in the world (former), is located in Staten Island, New York. It is a total of 2200 acres where it opened in 1948 and lasted until March of 2001. The initial goal of the landfill was to remain open for five years, yet it was open longer, if not for a few decades. This landfill was one of the dominant landfills for storing garbage collected around New York City.

Have you ever wondered where all the trash goes that you throw out? Most of it ends up in landfills, gets burned or ends up on the street. Landfills are the most cost-efficient ways to get rid of trash for places like the United States but at what price. When waste disintegrates in landfills and water passes through the waste, the resulting liquid is called leachate. When leachate run off encounter local rivers and lakes it can contaminate the water and destroy whole eco systems that live in these areas. Landfill gas consists of naturally occurring methane and carbon dioxide, which form inside the landfill as the waste decomposes. As the gases form, pressure builds up inside a landfill, forcing the gases to move. Some of the gases escape through

Within the next five years, the city will be forced to expand the current landfills. The main need for this is a constant output of municipal solid waste. With a sluggish participation rate of only 35% the need to expand that finite space will be inevitable. On the surface this seems like an easy choice, but there has to be

The major challenge for both the Gude and Millersville landfills was the threat of contamination from chemical pollution. Neither site managed to escape the stigma associated waste management, however Millersville ultimately had better government intervention and public interest. The Gude landfill is not as fortunate, and also had to contend with the complaints of foul odors emanating from the facility site and permeating the homes of nearby residents. Many homeowners had to endure the smell of rotten eggs, garbage and spoiling fish.

Kulczycka (2015) compared the demonstration of IWM-2 and SimaPro (Ecoinvent database) in which the calculation of the difference in results related to number, amount of emission (pollutants) and the consumption (materials and energy) was described. IWM-2 identified 31 types of emissions into the air for land filling while Ecoinvent identified 405 types of emissions into the air, and IWM-2 identified 39 types of emissions into water while Ecoinvent identified 403 types. The IWM-2 program did not cover the emissions into the soil, while the Ecoinvent database identified 60 types of impacts on landfill and 58 types of impacts for recycling

Proper, sustainable disposal methods of coal ash or fly ash proposed by the scientific community include the recycled use of this byproduct from coal-burning energy plants and the transfer of current coal ash ponds unequipped with the proper monitoring equipment to be transferred to a certified location where it can be stored and accessed for future recycling attempts. To be properly equipped the site must contain the following: synthetic bedding liners, leachate collection systems and ground water monitoring. These systems and this solution have been proven to reduce the environmental threat these facilities impose onto the environment; proven to improve the environment by reducing greenhouse emissions with the replacement of coal ash for

Anticipated construction and operation significant environmental impacts of the Edgemoor incinerator project were recognised and assessed using an Environmental Impact Assessment process. Both positive and negative impacts were identified. From the outputs of the EIA, the mitigation measures stipulated in the document for the construction and operation phases show that the project will conform to all applicable UK EIA legislation. The mitigation measures do not only focus on the environment but also to human and animal health. Taking the information provided by the document into consideration, the incinerator project in the selected area is approved to proceed. It is approved by the Environmental Angency and a permit is issued in terms of the

For WM the fuel, environmental charge included on a customer’s invoice is determined by first putting in the percentage of the WM Collection Fuel Surcharge Table or WM Disposal Fuel Surcharge Table into the overall invoice charges (excluding taxes). Next the environmental percentage is put in the sum of the total invoice charges and fuel surcharge calculation (excluding tax). Landfills produce harmful gases that if breathed in by people can cause serious health issues. The gases they let off also can ignite huge fires. If the water gets contaminated, then there is a long process to get to clean again and it cost 10 million dollars. Landfills also create a toxic soup of industrial and home-cleaning chemicals. These are just some of the impacts that solid waste management has on people and environments. My group has come up with different ways to solve these

Energy plays a crucial role in growth of developing countries like Philippines. In the context of low availability of non – renewable energy resources coupled with the requirements of large quantities of energy for building materials like cement, the importance of using industrial waste cannot be underestimated.

*It is important to teach children that it no role is too small and that even the slightest effort to clean up the environment is important. We live in a world where it is normal to throw materials away when we are done with them. Not all people think of recycling or re-purposing items that could still be useful. Landfills are full of materials that can be recycled or reused in a variety of ways. The following story features a lesson from Jhon and his father about pollution and how one man's trash can be a treasure to another man.*

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion processes that need an external source of heating to yield gaseous and oily products in the total absence of oxygen, whose characteristics depend on feedstock composition, temperature, reactor configuration and gasifying agent, and another key process (1,2). This technology is considered as an attractive alternative to incineration for dealing with municipal waste disposal due to its lower amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx) produced (3). Pyrolysis conditions and parameters are optimised to achieve the optimal output. However, the thermal cracking process might lead to generating the extent of pyrolysis which is considered less valuable.

A Waste Incinerator which is designed specifically for Energy Recovery generates significant electrical power and thermal energy due to the high calorific value of the waste. The efficiency of energy recovery (production of electricity) is 20%. Material recovery is also achieved in this process, particularly Fe metals. For front-end materials, recovery is 50%, while for back-end materials, it is 5%(Cheng, H.et al., 2010).

In many countries, including India, coal is used as a primary fuel in thermalpower stations and in other industries. Four of the countries, namely, China, India, Poland, and the United States, together produce more than 270 million tons of fly ash every year and less than half of it is used. The coal reserve of India is approximately 200 billion tonnes and its annual production reaches 250 million tones approximately. Unlike the developed countries, in India, the ash content present in the coal which is used for power generation is about 30-40%. The generation of ash has increased to about 131 million tonne during 2010-11 and is expected to grow further. The fine residue produced from the burnt coal is carried in the fluegas, separated by electrostatic precipitators, and collected in a field of hoppers. This residue which is collected is called as fly ash and is considered to be an industrial waste which can be used in the construction industry.Fly ash is one of the major industrial wastes used as a construction material. The fly ash can either be disposed of in thedry form or else the wet method in which it can also be mixed with water and discharged as slurry into locations called ash ponds.