A Brief Note On Open Ended And Problem Solving

Gender differences have been recorded by researches from single neurons in the cell to system level processes (Cahill 2006), and certain scientists proposed that sex hormones influence the development of prefrontal cortex, and this is supposed to be the cause of the differences in working memory performance (Duff & Hampson, 2001). This study further investigated the existence and nature of this gender difference. A sample of 497 Monash University psychology undergraduates (385 females and 112 males; ages 18 – 64) were recruited for this study. Working memory performance was tested with online 'spatial working memory ' test, and 2D:4D finger length ratio was used as an indirect measure of sex hormone levels. The results revealed no sex differences in the working memory performance, but variance in 2D:4D ratio – females had a larger ratio than males. Memory reaction time was negatively correlated with 2D:4D ratio, thus, females had a quicker reaction time.

Problem-solving involves decision-making is important in Management and leadership.my job at Merseyside police on the CSI team involves a lot of problem-solving and decision-making. Well me are called out to investigate a crime scene taking samples such as DNA and other types of forensic evidence we have to decide if the evidence is relevant to hopefully catch the perpetrators and get a successful conviction. Making a good decision requires a combination of skills, clarity of judgement which is important in my job role. We recently had a meeting regarding problem solving and we identified seven steps to solve problems effectively.

Problem solving skills entail two distinct mental skill analytic and creative thinking. Analytical thinking utilizes comparing and contrasting, evaluating and selecting, to find the best alternative (ITS Education Asia, 2005). Creative thinking uses the imagination to create a large picture of the

In her scientific work Sex Differences in the Brain Kimura analysis several key differences that cause men and women to excel in various tasks and jobs due to naturally occurring phenomenon in the body and

TEKS:6.1.B use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution;

The SAT is an exam taken by high school sophomores, juniors and seniors, it measures literacy, writing and math skills that are needed to succeed in college. Male students have been viewed as benefiting from the math section of the SAT. “One test that has played a particularly important role in the impression that male students possess more math ability than female students is the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)” (Byrnes and Takahira., 1995). The authors focused on one question throughout their research they wanted to understand if the gender difference in the SAT were because male students perform cognitive questions more successfully than girls. Male students had the correct approach to answer math questions, they answered the questions in a specific

In the 20th century, educators have dedicated their attention to trying to define and teach problem solving skills. In the early 1900s, problem solving was viewed as a mechanical, systematic, and often abstract set of skills, such as those used to solve riddles or mathematical equations. The given problems often have correct answers that are based on logical solutions with a single correct answer. Under the guidance of cognitive learning theories, problem solving shifted to represent a complex mental activity consisting of a variety of cognitive skills and actions. Problem solving included higher order thinking skills such as “visualization, association, abstraction, comprehension, manipulation, reasoning, analysis, synthesis, generalization—each

Infants of both genders have the same capacity for proficiency in math, but as they get older, more barriers seem to appear, which separate the results of males and females (Spelke). Women have one major barrier that men do not have: their responsibility to bear children and tend the household. This lead some females to believe that they do not have to excel in math and science fields, or at school in general, because they will one day stay at home and take care of their children and family. While women must focus on both their family and their studies, men can work and study without this pressure (Sternberg). Researchers have identified other differences between males and females, including advanced spatial skills in males and superior verbal skills in females (Spelke). The studies collected, however, do not supply sufficient information on gender differences, and therefore lack enough data to support any findings

Elizabeth S. Spelke investigates several cases of cognitive sex differences which support reasoning for higher numbers of men employed in math or science related careers. First she discusses the theory that males are more focused on objects from birth, and as a result are more mechanically inclined. The author evaluates this claim and discovers that a large number of studies carried out over three decades have provided no support for male mechanical superiority; they have shown no evidence that males are more focused on objects and that females are more interested in people. However they do reveal that male infants and female infants, learn, perceive and reason about objects in different ways. Secondly, she dispels the reasoning that males have a greater capacity for math because of their superior abilities with respect to objects, numbers, and space.

Every day individuals are faced with many different problems for example deciding what to wear, finding a suitable place to park your car or even completing an assignment. Whatever the problem is, ‘problem solving is defined as any goal-directed sequence of cognitive operations’, as suggested by Anderson (1980, p.257).

Open ended questions are useful in the work place to determine more clearly and in depth what a customer is seeking information for. These are questions that do not have a specific answer of ‘yes’ or ‘no’, hence why a customer may have to explain in more depth what they may need help with. These can be questions that begin with ‘who, what, when, where and how?’

Researchers and testing has proven over time, that some cognitive abilities between males and females change throughout infancy and adolescents. Girls generally perform and use their verbal skills much earlier than boys. Women do much better on exams such as SAT’s in the verbal areas where men excel in the mathematical arena. This finding in itself may seem to solidify the fact of biological makeup. If that is the case, then why do girls perform equally as proficient in the area of math until they reach their “tween” and teenage years, which is generally between 6th and 7th grade? At this point, there seems to be a decline in the female’s performance in the area of math.

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that he if he followed that he would be good in life. His father also taught him to hunt and fish around the Lake Michigan area and to love nature. The family would spend their summers in the wilderness and their winters back near Chicago. For the rest

As a middle school English and history teacher, I am always looking for ways to better teach my students. I always look at ways to tap into their potential and try to plan my lessons accordingly. No matter how much thought I put into my lessons, there are some students who struggle with the lessons I plan and teach. This has caused me much frustration throughout my many years of teaching, and I am always looking for more ways to help my students. Doing additional research on sex differences in learning has left me with more ideas how to better help my students. Throughout this paper I will outline what I have learned about sex differences in learning and

Problem solving is a universal process that allows us to make decisions on everything from what to eat and what to wear. These steps contain the necessary knowledge that has been constructed through previous life experiences. Without sufficient experience the supports designed to strengthen our choices are weakened ending in the ultimate failure of the problem.