A Brief Note On Prematurity And Prematurity Apnea

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), preterm birth are the birth that happened before 37 ended weeks of pregnancy and is one of the number reason of newborn deaths and the second prominent cause of deaths in children below five. The preterm babies have chances of an amplified risk of illness, disability and death. In the first weeks, the complications of premature birth may include: breathing problems, heart problems, brain problems, temperature control problems, gastrointestinal problems, blood problems, metabolism problems, immune system problems. Long-term complications includes cerebral palsy, impaired cognitive skills, vision problem, hearing problems, dental problems, behavioral and psychological problems, chronic health issues.

Babies born earlier, such as 25 weeks will need medical support in order to survive and are usually placed in incubator – designed to keep baby worm and free from infection. Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing, sight problems or learning difficulties.

Undeveloped lungs are especially found in children that are born premature. A premature baby is classified as one who is born before thirty-seven weeks. Premature babies have a higher chance of developing more health problems, and usually stay in the hospital longer than healthy babies. Premature babies also have the potential to have long-term health problems

Premature birth has been linked to a vast array of lungs problems, the earlier the birth the greater risk of health complications(Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). A majority of the health problems will affect the infant for the rest of their life (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Infants born between the canalicular and the saccular period (week 25) have lung development that is unsuitable for gas exchange (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Two major complications that arise with undeveloped lungs is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (Mahgoub L. et al. 2017).

Premature babies sometimes have apnea. It may happen together with a slow heart rate. Respiratory distress syndrome or RDS is a breathing problem most common in babies born before 34 weeks of pregnancy.” Babies with RDS don’t have a protein called surfactant that keeps small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. “Intraventricular hemorrhage or IVH is bleeding in the brain. It usually happens near the ventricles in the center of the brain. A ventricles is a space in the brain that’s filled with fluid. Patent ductus ateriosus or PDA is a heart problem that happens in the connection between two major blood vessels near the heart. If the ductus do not close properly after birth, a baby can have breathing problems or heart failure. Heart failure is when enough blood can’t get pumped into the heart causing it to shut down. Necrotizing enter colitis (NEC) is a problem with a baby’s intestines. It causes feeding problems, a swollen belly and diarrhea. It sometimes happens 2 to 3 weeks after a premature bay has been born. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye. ROP can lead to vision loss. Jaundice is when a baby's eyes and skin look yellow. A baby has jaundice when his liver isn't fully developed or isn't working well. Anemia is when a baby doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the rest of the body. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung condition that can develop in premature babies as well as babies who have treatment with a breathing machine. Babies with BPD sometimes develop fluid in the lungs, scarring and lung damage. Premature babies often have trouble fighting off germs because their immune systems are not fully formed. Infections that may affect a premature baby include pneumonia, a lung infection; sepsis, a blood infection; and meningitis, an infection in the fluid around the brain and

As a father who has personally experienced the struggles and hardships of having a premature child, I feel like giving you information on this subject is a lot easier for me to share than most things. I will preface by sharing my son 's experience; he was born at 26 weeks gestation, weighing 2 pounds, 6 ounces, and spent more than three months in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) that was available in Columbus, Georgia. A large amount of families with infants in the NICU asks what the outlook for babies born earlier than 28 weeks might be? Less than 1 percent of babies in this country are born this early (earlier than 28 weeks), but these babies have the most complications despite great technological advances in medicine today. Premature children born at an extremely low birth weight (less than 2 pounds, 3 ounces) almost always require treatment with oxygen, surfactant, and mechanical assistance to help them breathe (even if for a short period of time until they can breathe on their own without assistance). These babies are too immature to suck, swallow, and breathe at the same time, so they must be fed through a vein (intravenously) until they develop these skills to do so. They often can not cry (or you can 't hear them due to the tube in their throat causing a kitten-like groan), and sleep most of the day to allow for growth and development outside of being in the womb. These tiny babies have little muscle tone,

In several occasions, pregnant women complain about dyspnea condition. Due to the unclear mechanism of pregnancy dyspnea, it is quite a challenge to distinguish between physiologic changes induced dyspnea (i.e. endocrine system changes) and underlying diseases induced dyspnea. There are some pregnancy-specific causes of respiratory failure including amniotic fluid embolism and pulmonary edema secondary to tocolytics, preeclampsia/eclampsia, or pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy (peripartum cardiomyopathy).

In most cases, the outlook is excellent and there are no long-term health effects. But, breathing problems may be more severe in some cases. Typically, these will often go away in 2 to 4 days. However, rapid breathing may continue for several days. Although not common, your infant may need a breathing machine. Many problems can develop while the child is using a breathing

Variations in breathing patterns are common in all infants. Your baby frequently “miss a breath” which is normal. However, a simple cold, a virus, or an allergy can cause a baby’s temperature to rise, affecting his/her ease and rate of breathing. You have to monitor these situations since they require prompt medical intervention or else they can quickly worsen. Note that SIDS comes without warning and happens quickly. Babysense Hisense 5s infant monitor is all you need to get the rest you need knowing that your baby is

These numbers make BPD one of the most common chronic lung diseases diagnosed in children. Infants diagnosed as having BPD are usually born more than 10 weeks before their due day and have low birth weights less than 2 pounds. These preterm infants have pulmonary issues due to underdeveloped lungs and lack of surfactant, which leads to the initial diagnoses of respiratory distress syndrome. The lack of surfactant and collapsed lungs make it difficult for the infant to breathe to get adequate oxygenation. These infants are then treated with surfactant therapy, and they often require extra ventilatory support. If an infant doesn’t improve, they often placed on nasal continuous airway pressure (NCPAP) or ventilators for long periods of time. Studies show that NCPAP can decrease the risk of BPD by generating pressure as well as improving exhalation (Mola, 2014) . If the preterm infant still requires prolonged mechanical ventilation to obtain a PO2 of greater than 50 mmHg at its official due date or 28 days since supplemental oxygen was first applied, additional testing is performed to confirm a true diagnosis of BPD. Infants with BPD often experience abnormal changes in the cells of the smaller airways leading to injured airways and damaged pulmonary vasculature due to the prolonged ventilation. The baby’s

This form of respiratory distress is commonly seen in premature newborns because their lungs are immature and do not have enough surfactant to keep the lungs open. It is seen almost immediately after birth or in the few hours following birth.

Various strategies are used for treatment the low birth weight premature neonates with respiratory distress. Although, the most of the neonatal specialists agree on use early CPAP for the management of RDS, consider surfactant therapy if needed and sometimes or always use caffeine to prevent BPD. Steroids

Moreover, diagnosis can be accomplished with chest x-rays; in this case, they would reveal hyperinflation and consolidated areas. Observation of signs and symptoms is also vital to establishing diagnosis. Signs and symptoms include: a slight fever, irregular cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezing, nasal flaring, grunting, and cyanosis. According to Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 4th Edition, “Severe, life-threatening apnea is a common symptom in the very young infant with bronchiolitis, especially in those with cardiorespiratory disease or a history of premature birth or apnea”

Preterm Birth is one of the most important and interesting topics to any prospective parent. One of the reasons is because it happens so often and unexpectedly. Preterm Birth has become a personal interest in research simply because it has made a tremendous impact in my life. Having a Preterm Birth has taught me lots of things, such as, to grow as a person and as a mother, to see things from a different perspective, to get up, continue with my life, and perhaps to learn how to say “good bye” to a little one without even saying “hello.” For all the reasons above, there are some questions I would like to address: Why do preterm births happen and how can it be prevented? What kind of help is offered to parents and family members who go through the process of having a preterm birth? How effective and relevant is that help?

Preterm infants are born during the late cannalicular to early saccular stages of lung development, which corresponds to the period when respiratory bronchioles capable for gas exchange and type II alveolar