A Brief Note On Professional Judgements And Interventions

Goals of MS therapy is to reduce the severity and frequency of relapses, manage muscle weakness, and reduce fatigue. Also to reduce depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, and bladder or bowel

Multiple sclerosis, also known as MS, is one of humankind’s most mysterious diseases. No one knows the exact cause and there is no exact treatment. Still multiple sclerosis has the ability to affect nearly 3 million people worldwide and at least 500,000 people in the United States (Boroch). This disease tends to be more common in individuals of northern European descent and women are more than twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis as men. Of those 3 million people, most of them are between the ages of 20 and 50 years old (Dangond). Even though multiple sclerosis is a mystery disease, scientists are working to determine the exact cause and treatment.

This can wreak havoc on a person’s emotional state, which Mairs comments, “I am immobilized by acute attacks of depression, which may or may not be physiologically related to MS but are certainly its logical concomitant” (Mairs 67). In addition to the unpredictable physical losses that one can sustain from MS - including vision, coordination, and bladder control - one can also lose their will to live a normal life. Mairs discusses the lives of two women who share the same disease, one of which, “...stays at home and insists that her husband, a small quiet man, a retired civil servant, stay there with her except for a quick weekly foray to the supermarket” (71). The other woman has an active life and tries to participate in as many activities as she would without the disease. Mairs aspires to live like the second woman as her life progresses, but the first woman has obviously lost her mental battle with the disease. Since there is no known cure for MS, the only thing that one who is diagnosed can do is accept that their life will always be changing and it will never be easy. Towards the beginning of her disease, she thought about MS constantly and wondered when the time would come that she would no longer be physically capable of killing herself. Once she learned that she would never finish adjusting, she was able to come to an uneasy peace with her condition. Besides the

Thesis: Multiple sclerosis brings daily challenges to whomever struggles with it, but with the right team of doctors and medication, it can be maintained.

When one has MS, many complications can occur. MS can lead to depression, and other mental changes such as forgetfulness or moodiness (Mayo Clinic Staff). It also can lead to epilepsy and paralysis. The loss of function and sensory may occur in the limbs. It also can prompt muscle stiffness or muscle spasms (Mayo Clinic Staff). Although there are many complications, the majority of the symptoms and complications of MS are not fatal. MS does not affect life expectancy, as much as the quality of one’s life (Madell,

It is suggested by previous studies that the damage of the myelin sheath in MS involves the activation of inflammatory factors including the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages and microglia cells (Luccinetti et al., 1996; Lassmannet al., 2012). However, whether the immune response triggers the onset of MS, or is a consequence of the disease process is currently not clear. Interestingly, several recent studies suggested that the prevalence rate of MS is significantly increased with latitude, which implies that not only the geographical (environmental) differences but racial and ethnic differences may play a role in the worldwide MS distribution (Rosati, 2001; Simpson et al., 2011).

C. Thesis Statement: With autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis on a steady rise over the past decade, three major factors must be considered: the possible causes, common symptoms, and

Smith suffered from multiple sclerosis for several years and he considered his illness to be severed because it is very difficult for him to walk around in the house, exercise, and drive without him experiencing continuous pain and numbness in the body. Pain that associated with MS range between 57% to 65% and clients with MS are more likely to complain of having moderate to severe pain that affect activities of daily living (Lalkhen, Bedford, & Dwyer, 2012). It is difficult for him work because of the constant pain his is going through and decrease muscle weakness. Neuropathic pain is a nerve damage that is associated with MS and clients experience numbness, tightness, burning, crawling, and needles pain in the joints (D’Arcy, 2012). His typical day start with him his son dressing him up and getting his usual bagel and coffee ready for him. After breakfast, he watches football on TV if it is Sunday, and he usually end up sleeping in his recliner for few hours. In the afternoon, his grandchildren come to take him out to eat lunch, and spend quality of time interacting with him. MS affects his ability to shower himself, walk outside, cook, clean the house, go grocery shopping, play soccer with his grandchildren, and go on family vacation (J. Smith, personal communication, March 25,

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system targets the central nervous system (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016). The central nervous system is mainly made up by the brain, nerves, spinal cord, and optic nerves (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016). The main target in MS is myelin, the substance that protects the nerve fibers within the central nervous system (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2016).

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System, which interferes with the communication between the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and other parts of the body. The immune system attacks the myelin on the nerve fibers; resulting in damaged myelin that forms sclerosis. Overtime, many nerve fibers and myelin sheath will be damaged or even destroyed, resulting in the nerve impulse being interrupted. MS can be mild, moderate, or severe, therefore, it may cause disability as well as death. Interestingly enough, more women are affected than men. Common signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis include: fatigue, difficulties with walking (gait), spasticity, numbness/tingling, weakness, vision problems, pain, vertigo, depression, emotional changes, cognitive changes, bladder/bowel problems, and sexual problems. Less common signs and symptoms include: speech/swallowing problems, seizures, tremor, breathing problems, headache, pruritus, and hearing loss. There a four different types of Multiple Sclerosis: Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary-progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS). Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is the most common type of MS; about 85% of people are diagnosed with this type of Multiple Sclerosis. Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by worsening neurologic function attacks throughout the disease. The attacks are also known

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling disorder, affecting the central nervous system. The symptoms of MS may be mild, such as numbness in the limbs, or severe, such as paralysis or loss of vision. The progress of symptoms and their severity are currently unpredictable and vary from individual to individual. To date, the new treatments available and the progress of science are giving new hope to people affected by this First you need to specify the characteristics of this disease. In multiple sclerosis we are witnessing an immune system attack against the central nervous system.

One day seven years ago, Kimberly Macalaster-Klapprodt, woke up to find that the upper left part of her face was numb. “I thought, ‘This is weird’ and went on with my day. But when she developed dizziness and a crippling headache the next day, she stopped joking and went to an urgent care facility. That’s when the saga of Macalaster-Klapprodt’s multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis began. It was exhausting experience that many patients who are eventually diagnosed with MS can relate to. Although there's no cure for Multiple Sclerosis, the sooner a patient receives an MS diagnosis, the sooner he or she can be treated with medications that help manage the disease, especially in the initial stages of Multiple Sclerosis

There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Most treatment is focused on improving quality of life by treating symptoms and slowing its progression. There are a few drugs to help slow progression, most of which are for relapsing-remitting MS (Mayo Clinic, 2017). In March of this year, the FDA approved the first drug for primary-progressive MS (FDA, 2017), called ocrelizumab, which slows the advancement of disability (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Ocrelizumab may cause infusion related reactions, such as hives, shortness of breath, fever, etc, and may lead to an upper respiratory tract infection (FDA, 2017). Acute relapses are treated with corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation, a traditional and approved method of treatment. (NIH, 2013). To treat symptoms, those with MS may go to physical therapy to help strengthen muscles and manage gait problems (Mayo Clinic, 2017). They may also use muscle relaxers to treat extremely painful

MS is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms present differently in each individual and may be temporary or constant. Often they begin as temporary but evolve to be constant. Experienced symptoms may include numbness, tingling, trouble with cognitive memory, mood swings, fatigue, pain, blindness, and even paralysis in some cases (National MS Society). MS affects about 2.5 million individuals worldwide, although cases vary greatly by geographic region and there are both genetic and environmental factors that influence expression (Hunter, 2016). Most cases are observed north and south of the equator with northern European Caucasian phenotypes most affected. However, the epidemiology has changed within the last two decades with higher incidences overall, probably due to longer life expectancy worldwide (Hunter, 2016). The disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders constantly leading to perpetual disability in young adults. Accounting for more than 40,000 affected individuals in Egypt alone (Tallawy et al., 2016), and 2.5 million patients worldwide.