A Brief Note On Raising And Lowering Ph

Introduction: Everyday household items can be seen as just “household items”. However, it is often not realized that we could actually determine the pH very easily. It could also be important to know the pH in everyday life. For example, it is important to keep track of human pH levels. Some people are curious to see the pH of their own body, which is a great use to keep acidic levels leveled. Another use in real life is determining the pH of pools. Whether it’s your own or a public pool, pH indicators come in hand to make sure the pool is sanitary and safe. pH indicators are indicators that contain halochromic synthetic compound which is added to a solution so that it can be

The practical was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on the reaction of the enzyme acid phosphatase.

A. How did the experiment in Part I demonstrate surface tension? Use your experiment observations when answering this question.

weak bases). After ranking the pH of these solutions, you will then test your predictions in the laboratory.

When looking over my results, I found that the pH level increased from a neutral pH to a basic level of pH. The Miracle- Gro fertilizer that I used is supposed to have a pH of 7. This surprised me because I would think that adding a 10% fertilizer solution would make the water acidic. I thought that the fertilizer would be more acidic because when we learned about rivers, we found out that acid rain decreased the dissolved oxygen levels; also, Eutriporication results in low dissolved oxygen levels. Therefore I believed that the fertilizer would be acidic because of my background knowledge of dissolved oxygen in water. Regardless, the basic water killed the algae, elodea plant and the snails in the water. I also thought that eutrophication would occur in the water when

Seawater naturally has a pH of around 8.2, therefore being alkaline. However, as oceans absorb about 30% of the extra Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere there are changes occurring within the water. The change is caused over time and makes the water less alkaline. Scientists have estimated that since the industrial revolution the pH has dropped 0.1 to 8.1. It is predicted that the pH could fal to about 7.8 by

Acid-base indicators are used widely in research & development and in industry. Certain uses can include checking the pH of a swimming pool as a pH outside of a certain range will either harm swimmers or will not properly clean the pool. Another use of checking the pH of water is in the case of effluent testing, where outflow from a production site is tested for acidity or alkalinity to determine the effect it will have on aquatic organisms in the area.

If an acid is added to a substance then the pH level will drop because you are adding more acid (HCl) to the solute becomes more acidic. While adding a base to a substance will cause the pH level to rise because adding more base (NaOH) to the solute would make it more basic.

Alkaline phosphatase will behave like a protein, due to the fact that it is a glycoprotein. Utilizing the above mentioned information it is possible to test for the optimum pH. Alkaline phosphatase will function optimally at a pH of around 10 (an alkaline pH). If one was to assess the range of the pH pertaining to this enzyme, it can be seen that there will be a point where the enzyme has the greatest activity, whereby it produces the highest concentration of the so-called “product”. Due to the previous knowledge of proteins, it can be deduced that at acidic pH the protein will have very low activity or will denature. It should also be noted that once the optimal pH has been reached and surpassed, the enzymes rate of activity will begin to reduce.

The use of chlorine revolutionized pool sanitation and cleanliness in the early 1900s. While there have been large improvements in the construction of pools since the mid-twentieth century, the products available for sanitation and the policies regarding them remain mostly the same today. Chlorine is excellent at keeping bacteria levels down in pools, but there are still improvements to be made and caution must be used during pool maintenance. Chlorine can cause deterioration of the cornea and respiratory issues, including an increase in asthma among individuals who frequent indoor pools. Additionally, chlorinated water runoff from pools and hot tubs into waterways can be detrimental to wildlife, even at rates as low as 0.011 ppm (Olsen,

For a water system that had become far to acidic and nothing is living. A process called freshwater de-acidification will spring the the water into becoming healthy again. The process starts with add the lime directly to the water body. However in the cases of certain lakes where the turnaround is very quick, the lime is added to the body of water. This has disadvantages though, the main one being that the lime can have an adverse effect on wetland species of plants The advantages, however, are that the effects are longer lasting and metals are prevented from leaching into the lake water from the soil. The alkalinity of the limed lake is increased, the pH increased and heavy metal concentrations decrease back to within safe limits for fish life. The number of species of fish, animals and plankton increases as does biomass production. The chemical equation for liming water is CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) ⇨ CaSO4*2H2O + CO2(g). If your soil or forest becomes too acidic a process called liming will help. Soil pH is a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity in soils. It is a fundamental chemical property because it influences the availability of nutrients and the solubility of elements like aluminum and manganese, which are detrimental to crop

If the pH level is too acidic or too basic, then the reactivity and reaction rate of which the enzyme catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide will decrease.

The pH of a solution is the measure of the concentration of charged Hydrogen ions in that given solution. A solution with a pH lower than seven is considered to be acidic. A solution with a higher pH is a base. It is very important for organisms to maintain a stable pH. Biological molecules such as proteins function only at a certain pH level and any changes in pH can result in them not functioning properly. To maintain these constant pH levels, buffer solutions are used. A buffer solution can resist change to small additions of acids or base’s. A good buffer will have components that act like a base, and components that act like an acid.

Chlorine-based solutions are the most common and inexpensive sanitizers used not only in households but also in water systems and food industries and hence the efficacy of other sanitizers is often evaluated by comparison with chlorine-based sanitizers (Park, 2015). The commonly used chlorine com¬pounds include liquid chlorine, hypochlorites, and chloramines (Schmidt, 1997). The most widely used chlorine disinfectants are hypochlorites which are available as liquid such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; household bleach) or in solid form such as calcium hypochlorite (Rutala, Weber, & Control, 2008). Three different forms: chlorine (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and monochlorine monoxide (–OCl) may be present in aqueous form depending on the pH (Park, 2015). HOCl is the most active form contributing to germicidal action while –OCl concentration determines cleaning efficiency (Fukuzaki, 2006). Available chlorine (or the amount of HOCl present) depends upon the pH of the solution and also determines the germicidal characteristic of it (Schmidt, 1997). Chlorines are strong oxidizing agents and broad spectrum germicides which have different modes of action of disinfection. They are found to act on microbial membranes, oxidize sulfhydryl enzymes, hinder DNA synthesis and damage DNA, oxidize respiratory components, inhibit protein synthesis or a combination of multiple factors acting at once (Schmidt, 1997). The mechanism of interaction with proteins involves reaction with amino acid

If an acid-base disturbance shifts the pH outside of the physiologic range, various control measures are activated to resist the change in pH. Compensatory mechanisms try to preserve the normal 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to keep the pH at normal range. The body works to maintain normal ratios through a compensation mechanism using renal and respiratory methods (Crowley, 2010).