A Brief Note On Sub Saharan Region As Low Developing Countries

The country of Cameroon is considered a third world country and the production and quality of energy matches this view. Rural Cameroon experiences many black outs and is in constant need of more energy for the population to perform basic tasks such as cooking with greater ease and with a higher knowledge of hygiene. The main issue is the quality of the generated power; this is a result of the method of production and transportation of the power.

In sub Saharan Africa, the region's wild rivers, windswept savannas and sunny skies represent a vast challenge and an enormous opportunity for a region starved for power.

In order to promote energy supply and economic development, which is the core of this paper, the author argued that the idea behind the project was not to tap the energy from the sun to electrify these remote communities. Rather, it was geared towards installing small solar panels that were not much bigger than an iPad to power the basic appliances (light bulbs, cell phone, and other basic necessities that can alter people’s lives) in those homes (2015). This demonstrates the economic as well as the energy efficiency side of this study, which I believe Hallett will accept. The author also argues that going small better fits the budget of rural Tanzanians and the money saved from buying kerosene and other oil to lighten their homes were used for other things. This concept is known as pay-as-you-go. This concept was far cheaper and affordable than what the government of Tanzania and some big energy companies were offering, the author claimed (2005).

In Somalia, the poor – and particularly ladies – are the most influenced by natural hazards. They depend on regular assets, such as wood fuel for their vocations and are more influenced by extreme climate conditions. Also, changes in natural conditions regularly restricts access to vital source of energy. In this manner, the government, groups and private division need to recognize and put resources into option – and renewable – sources of energy for Somalia.

Access to energy is unequivocally one of the determining factors in eradicating poverty and improving socioeconomic wellbeing. On the other hand, unsustainable energy consumption has been one of the main causes leading to climate change, the depletion of natural resources, and the associated environmental damages. In an attempt to optimize the beneficial aspects of energy consumption and mitigate its undesirable effects, the United Nations included “Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all” as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). While goals are simply aspirational, in order to translate them into an achievable reality, targets must be set out that have the ability of adequately measuring the

Charcoal consumption is often growing faster than fuelwood consumption. Though still less relative to fuelwood in most of Asia, charcoal use is becoming a much larger part of the woodfuels total in Africa and South America. In Africa, the aggregate of consumption of fuelwood and wood for charcoal is growing at a rate close to that of population growth. The overall quantities involved, and the numbers still relying on woodfuels continue to be very large. The International Energy Agency recently estimated that, although shifts to other sources of energy could be expected to substantially reduce the share of these fuels by 2030, biomass energy will still account for an mated three quarters of total residential energy in Africa in that year, and that the number of people using fuelwood and other biomass fuel in that region will rise by more than 40% during 2000–30 to about 700 million. In Asia, even though consumption is declining, there will

A growing number of studies (e.g. (Kowsari and Zerriffi, 2011; O. R. Masera et al., 2000)) investigate the impacts of various factors such as household income, and education status that would influence household cooking fuel choice and then inform the policies to promote fuel switching to the modern sources. Mainly, two broad conceptual models are popular in the area of household energy choice and fuel transition in developing countries: Energy Ladder and Energy Stacking Models (Elias and Victor, 2005; Hosier and Dowd, 1987; Leach, 1992; Leach and Mearns, 1988; O. Masera et al., 2000). These models categorize energy resources into modern, transitional and traditional fuels given that different cooking fuels are available in the region. Modern fuels such as LPG or electricity are interpreted as superior because the inherent qualities of these fuels are relatively superior in terms of fuel efficiency and sustainability when compared to the traditional fuels. Transitional fuels are consumed during the transitional period; a period where traditional fuels are in the process of being replaced by the modern fuels.

The percentages of population per country with access to electricity (i) and modern non-solid fuels (ii) are currently being measured by The World Bank (The World Bank Database, 2015). In total, 1.2 billion people in the world have no access to electricity while 1 billion more have access only to unreliable services. Finally, nearly 3 billion people rely on solid fuels for everyday energy requirements (United Nations Foundation, 2013)

By 2030, the 7th UN Sustainable Development Goal aims to improve the accessibility, quality, and efficiency of energy. While some of the targets are clearly defined, others use ambiguous terms, making them not truly measureable. Firstly, terms used in targets 7.1, 7.2, and 7.b are not clearly defined, making them not truly measurable. Being able to provide a service universally, implies that every person worldwide should have access to the service. This is neither reasonable nor measureable. The term ‘affordable’ is not clearly defined, therefore not measurable. Affordability differs depending on economic status. With over 13% of the world’s population below the poverty line, the definition of affordable varies and therefore needs to be

The world is confronting energy destitution – absence of access to power, advanced vitality administrations and mechanical power .Quarter of the total populace still lives without power, or different types of present day vitality administrations, while as much as 33% of aggregate humankind depends on conventional biofuels, for example, bovine manure or kindling .It brings about extraordinary cost to wellbeing or economic welfare and security .The world additionally confronting twin vitality related danger : that of not having satisfactory and secure supplies of energy at moderate costs and that of ecological mischief brought on by its utilization. Reasonable vitality assumes a key part in financial development and human advancement and taking off vitality costs and late geopolitical occasions have helped us to remember the defenselessness of the worldwide vitality framework to supply disturbances. Protecting energy supplies is by and by at the highest point of the worldwide strategy motivation. The present example of energy supply conveys the risk of extreme and irreversible ecological harm. So the objectives of energy security and natural insurance requires solid and composed government activity and open support.

There is a close relationship between the quality of energy and poverty and enhancing livelihoods of the poor in the developing economies. Therefore, there is a direct need for the poor to gain access to clean energies not only to meet their energy needs but to maintain the quality of the environment. Now the challenge before the developing economies is how maintain this balance? Whenever realised, this will come with a number of benefits such as, higher employability, improved sanitation/housing conditions, improved nutrition, more savings for education and health services, and so on. However, there are several challenges to this. “Countries which have a higher Gini coefficient(which compares income levels among the richest and poorest segments of populations), even in situations where energy access indicators show positive growth, the poorest segment of the population may not be benefiting from the growth. In addition, provision

Charcoal consumption is often growing faster than fuelwood consumption. Though still less relative to fuelwood in most of Asia, charcoal use is becoming a much larger part of the woodfuels total in Africa and South America. In Africa, the aggregate of consumption of fuelwood and wood for charcoal is growing at a rate close to that of population growth. The overall quantities involved, and the numbers still relying on woodfuels continue to be very large. The International Energy Agency recently estimated that, although shifts to other sources of energy could be expected to substantially reduce the share of these fuels by 2030, biomass energy will still account for an mated three quarters of total residential energy in Africa in that year, and that the

A disturbingly large swath of humanity is caught in a time warp (Guruswamy Laskshman, 2011). They rely on traditional methods, such as biomass to generate energy, which can be utilised for mainly cooking fuel, heating homes, lighting etc. This is done by burning agricultural waste, leaves, rotted pieces of wood etc. According to OCEA/IEA – 2010, there are 2.7 billion people in developing countries who rely on biomass as a source of energy supply. Approximately 82% of those depending on traditional use of biomass as energy supply live in rural areas, despite the fact that in sub-Saharan Africa, almost 60% are living in urban areas likewise utilise biomass as a supply for energy. However, 17% of people living in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa still rely on biomass, in comparison to other countries, it accommodates the highest percentage. This maybe due to lack of government investment in modern technology (See Figure 1).

This essay is going to discuss the UN recent drafting of a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and more specifically the idea behind goal number 7 : “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all”1.

Having grown up in Nigeria, a country with a population of 167 million persons and ranked as the seventh crude oil producer in the world and the largest oil-producing country in Africa, it is ironic that about 117.8 million Nigerians rely on fuels such as animal dung, crop residues, wood, charcoal and kerosene as sources of energy to cook and to power lanterns, an estimated 60 million Nigerians own generators, and spend an estimated N1.56 trillion ($13.35m) annually to power them. Only about 40% of the populations have access to