A Brief Note On The And Its Effects On The Middle Upper, Lower, And Mid Portions

Pink colored spermatozoa (sperm) were surrounded by spermatocytes (formed after meiosis of spermatogonia) and spermotigonia (precursor to sperm)

Figure 1 [2]: The role of tubules in cell proliferation and differentiation of sperm cells.

Giant seminophages – The cells presented a large size, having a spherical nucleus either central or eccentric and an oversized large foamy and vacuolated cytoplasm with a well-defined cell border. The cells showed four main features, as follows: 1 – round cells with no ingested sperm (Fig. 22); 2 – elongated cells with no ingested sperm (Fig. 23); 3 - cells with ingested sperm (Fig. 24); 4 - cells with undefined debris (Fig. 25). A few semen smears conjointly given multinucleated giant cells (Fig. 26).

Semen is the male reproductive fluid, containing spermatozoa in suspension. Sperm is a male reproductive cell. Prostate is a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid. Urethra is a duct by which urine is convey out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. Penis is the male genital organ of higher vertebrates, carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation. Glans is the head of a penis. A shaft is the cylindrical part of the penis between the scrotum and head. Seminiferous tubules is any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature. Seminal vesicles is each of a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen. Bladder is a membranous sac in human and other animals, which urine is collected for excretion.

My current profession is a medical biller and coder. In order to receive payments that have been rendered by medical providers, a medical biller submits and follow-up on claims with health insurance carriers. Understanding Anatomy and Physiology is a required course with choosing medical billing and coding as a career. During class, a medical biller will learn diagnosis codes which recently changed from ICD-9 to ICD-10 codes, procedures codes which are also known as CPT codes, insurance companies and the procedures they cover and deny, HIPAA laws, medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, etc. Having knowledge of anatomy and physiology is necessary to correctly code for providers diagnosis and services. Knowledge of how the human body works together will assist a medical biller

The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the table in a supine position. After induction of adequate general anesthesia, patient was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. Curvilinear incision was made superior and lateral to the os pubis and carried it down through the skin and subcutaneous tissue on the right. External oblique was identified and opened in direction of the fibers. Once this was done, the spermatic cord was elevated using a Penrose drain. There was a fair amount of scarring and a large lipoma of the cord, which obstructed visualization. The lipoma was carefully dissected away from the cord and the cord structures down to the level of the internal ring and then imbricated. Once this was done, the cord was inspected no evidence of

Superior and posterior spread :The superior and posterior aspects of the nasopharynx are made by the base of skull and the first two cervical vertebral bodies. Superior extension of NPC can result in erosion of the base of skull, the sphenoid sinus and the clivus. There are multiple foramina within the base of skull serving as the portals for entry into the cranium. The tumor can gain access to the cavernous sinus and the middle cranial fossa invading II–VI cranial nerves through the foramen lacerum, which is located immediately above the fossa of Rosenmuller. The tumor can gain access to the middle cranial fossa, the petrous temporal bone and the cavernous sinus through the foramen ovale. Posterior extension of NPC can result in direct

The same technique was repeated on the contra-lateral testis. (Fig.1). In double bilateral ligations of the vascular part of the spermatic cord group, buck was carefully draped with sterile drapes to maintain an aseptic surgical field. A straight incision approximately 1.0 to 1.5 cm. long is first made through the skin covering the spermatic cord. Blunt dissection is made to separate the spermatic cord from the surrounding structures. Then the cord is exteriorized through the skin incision by curved artery forceps and tunica vaginitis is opened to expose the testicular vessels. The testicular artery and veins were identified and double transfixation ligatures are placed around the testicular vessels at two points about (2 cm) apart with non-absorbable suture material such as silk (size 1) (Fig.2). The tunica vaginitis is restitched with fine absorbable suture material (cat gut size 3/0). Finally the skin is closed by silk with 3-4 stitches of simple interrupted pattern. The same technique is repeated on another cord. Testicular biopsies were harvested and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and passed routinely to prepare histopathological sections and were stained with

PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: When patient was under satisfactory general anesthesia the patient’s lower abdomen, groin, and genitalia, and scrotum were prepped with betadine and betadine paint was applied as well. Following this, 0.5 % Marcaine was injected into derma over the left mid scrotum. Next, a 2 cm incision was made in the left mid scrotum. Incision was carried down to the tunica dartos to the underlying testicle and there appeared to be a 2 x 2 cm spermatocele coming off the superior aspect of the testicle. The spermatocele was dissected intact and off of the testicle and sent to pathology. The bleeding points were appropriately coagulated following which the tunica dartos was reapproximated with 4-0 chromic cat gut interrupted sutures,

increased testicular temperature in men with varicocele may reduced sperm quality and testicular functions ,Varicocele ligation has been demonstrated to be associated with reductions in intrascrotal temperature in infertile men as Scrotal temperature is maintained a few degrees below body core temperature in order to optimize the environment for normal testicular function by the countercurrent heat exchange system but in a subfertile men with varicocele, a heat exchange mechanism will affect and this may cause Leydig cell secretory dysfunction. Several studies have suggested that infertile patients with varicoceles have lower serum testosterone concentrations, leading to the hypothesis that varicoceles may alter not only spermatogenses and even Leydig cell function, suggesting that testosterone synthesis it self may also be compromised. (Cantatore et al. , 2010).

It highly sexualizes women in an unrealistic manner, it objectifies them to men and in some cases it may create body image and self esteem issues. The term "the midriff" was always coined for those women that are presented in the media. These are women who are young and attractive who supposedly play with their sexual power and that are always up for sex.

Conventional castration comprises separate longitudinal incision over each testis, occlusion and transection of spermatic cords and removal of testicles. The scrotal incisions are left unsutured (Stubbs, 1998; Boothe, 2003 and Tobias, 2010). Closed and open castration techniques are performed in cats. Methods to occlude the spermatic cords are; performing square knots with the spermatic cord over itself, placement of square knots of the vascular part with the avascular part of each spermatic cord, application of titanium clips over the course of spermatic cord, double ligation of spermatic cord with appropriate absorbable suture material or coagulation with bipolar forceps (Porters et al., 2014). The intra-operative obstacles are concluded in highly movable small testicles which are difficult to stabilize in scrotum, short spermatic cord and friable nature of the spermatic cord at this age (Howe, 2006 and Root 2014). Castration with ablation of scrotum had been recorded in equids (Barber, 1985; Palmer and Passmore, 1987; Misk and Seleim, 1987) and in ruminants (Misk, 1982). This technique offers primary closure of the wound, no drainage, minimal swelling and quicker return to activity (Palmer and Passmore, 1987 and Bassert, 2017). Ablation of scrotum is indicated in castrated pets showed post-operative exudate accumulation or infection (Stubbs, 1998; Boothe, 2003; Fossum, 2007 and Børstad, 2015). The aim of the

At the beginning of open biopsy, the skin over the testicle was cleaned with a germ-killing (antiseptic) medicine. The area around covered with a sterile towel. (As like what was done in onset of local anesthesia.) The testis was grasped between the thumb and forefinger of the non-dominant hand. An incision was then made over the same area immediately. The size of the incision was about over 0.5– 1cm . An vascular area close to midportion of medial, lateral or anterior surface of the testis was chosen, tunica albuginea incised longitudinally with a 150 ultrasharp knife. The testicular parenchyma (approximately 50-750 mg) was excised with sharp, curved scissors and placed in temperature-adopted Hams F10 culture medium supplemented with 10% Plasmanate. Wet preparations transferred to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) lab. Individual tubules were isolated by immediate initial dispersal of the specimen with two sterile glass slides. Mincing of the tissue with a sterile scissors in the Hams F10 medium additional allowed for mechanical dispersal and preparing sequential passes of tissue suspension (detection of fully condensed spermatids) through a 24-gauge angiocatheter. As soon as spermatozoa were identified, no further testicular incisions are made. To prevent devascularization of the testis from damage to the subtunical

Outline of the Main Points to be included in your Poster Presentation of your article

Testes are kept in the scrotum sac and are two oval shaped glands, about 8,5cm long and 2.5cm wide. A midline septum divides the scrotum into two halves and each testical is covered in two tunics; the Tunica vaginalis from the peritoneum and the Tunica albuginea which is a deeper tunic and a fibrous capsule. The septa from this layer then divides the testes into 250 – 300 wedge shaped compartments or lobules. It is in these lobules that seminiferous tubules are found, where sperm is made. Each lobule contains about 1 – 4 seminiferous tubules. The network into which seminiferous tubules empty is called the Rete testis. After which, the epididymis receives sperm from the rete testis network.